# FEECO International Inc. > FEECO manufactures Thermal Processing, Agglomeration and Material Handling Equipment --- ## Pages - [Careers](https://feeco.com/careers/): Build your future at FEECO and discover new possibilities! - [Catalyst Manufacturing Equipment](https://feeco.com/catalyst-manufacturing-equipment/): Achieve superior catalyst production with FEECO's specialized equipment and support, covering all stages from shaping to calcination - [Self-Supporting Bucket Elevators](https://feeco.com/self-supporting-bucket-elevators/): Move up to 800 TPH without structural steel supports - ideal for outdoor applications and plants without existing structural steel - [Rotary Dryer Repair](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-repair/): Minimize downtime and maintenance costs with FEECO's rotary dryer repair services - inspections, spare parts, field support, and more - [Rotary Dryer Maintenance](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-maintenance/): Preventative maintenance, inspections, alignment, and more, all from the industry's leading rotary dryer manufacturer and service provider - [Rotary Kiln Repair](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-repair/): Ensure optimal rotary kiln performance with FEECO's expert repair services, maintenance, and quality spare parts for any kiln brand. - [Giving](https://feeco.com/giving/): For charitable giving requests please fill out the form below and submit it by email to giving@feeco. com. https://feeco. com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Volunteer-Request-Form.... - [Rotary Dryer Services](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-services/): Extend the lifespan of your rotary dryer with FEECO's specialized preventive maintenance, repair services, and high-quality replacement parts - [HORIZONTAL MIXERS](https://feeco.com/horizontal-mixers/): Continuous horizontal mixers engineered for optimal performance and longevity, featuring custom designs and heavy-duty construction. - [Rotary Kiln Services](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-services/): Ensure optimal performance of your rotary kiln with our expert maintenance, repair services, and quality spare parts. - [Resource Library](https://feeco.com/literature/): - [Rotary Drum Maintenance](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-maintenance/): Service support from the industry’s most reputable rotary drum manufacturer, including routine and preventive maintenance, specialty repairs, retrofits, and more. - [Fluid Bed Dryers](https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryers/): Fluid bed dryers designed around your unique material requirements, by the leaders in thermal processing for performance & efficiency - [Monthly Dynamic Rotary Drum Inspections](https://feeco.com/monthly-dynamic-rotary-drum-inspections/): Dynamic rotary drum inspections for facilities with four or more drums - minimize downtime and maintenance costs with this preventative maintenance approach - [Terms and Conditions](https://feeco.com/tc/): FEECO Purchase Order Terms & Conditions - [Sugar Dryers](https://feeco.com/sugar-dryers/): Custom rotary dryers for drying sugar, sugar beet pulp (cossettes), bagasse, and more, with extensive process development services available - [Carbon Black Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/carbon-black-processing-equipment/): Custom pelletizing, conditioning, de-dusting, and drying equipment designed around carbon black's challenging characteristics - [Engineering Services](https://feeco.com/engineering-services/): Equipment & plant engineering services, including P&ID development, process flow diagrams, mass balance, conceptual plant layouts, and more - [Iron Ore Balling Drums](https://feeco.com/iron-ore-balling-drums/): High-capacity, heavy-duty balling drums engineered for reliability & longevity in iron ore pelletizing plants - [Pelletizer Plant](https://feeco.com/pelletizer-plant/): Support for every aspect of building a pelletizing plant, including process development services, custom equipment manufacturing, and parts & service support - [Covid-19 Statement](https://feeco.com/covid-19-statement/): Information on FEECO's Covid-19 guidelines - [MAP & DAP Production](https://feeco.com/phosphate-fertilizer-processing-equipment/): The industry's most reputable phosphate fertilizer production equipment & granulation systems, process development services, and parts & service support - [Pulp and Paper Processing](https://feeco.com/pulp-and-paper-processing/): Custom equipment for processing and handling pulp & paper industry by-products, with process development services available - [Wood Chip Handling Equipment](https://feeco.com/wood-chip-handling-equipment/): Bulk material handling equipment including belt conveyors and bucket elevators for moving wood chips, pellets, sawdust, wood ash, bark, and more - [Sulfur Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/sulfur-processing-equipment/): Custom equipment for processing & handling sulfur compounds in the fertilizer and chemical industries, with process development services available - [Specialty Fertilizer and Soil Amendment Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/specialty-fertilizer-and-soil-amendment-processing-equipment/): The industry's best custom process & handling equipment for specialty fertilizer & soil amendment production, with process development services available - [Urea Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/urea-processing-equipment/): Custom equipment for drying, cooling, coating, and handling urea fertilizers - Process development services available - [Compost Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/compost-processing-equipment/): Custom equipment for the granulation, drying, and handling of compost in a commercial setting - Process development services available - [Ammonium Sulfate Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/ammonium-sulfate-processing-equipment/): Custom equipment for processing ammonium sulfate into a premium fertilizer product, with process development services available - [NPK Production Equipment](https://feeco.com/npk-production-equipment/): The industry's most reputable fertilizer production equipment, with process development services available | Drying, Cooling, Granulation, & Coating - [Coke Handling and Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/coke-handling-and-processing-equipment/): Custom processing & handling equipment for the efficient handling of metallurgical and petroleum coke in various forms - [Silica Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/silica-processing-equipment/): Heavy-duty equipment for pelletizing, drying, thermally processing, and handling silica products - Process development services available - [Dust Suppression](https://feeco.com/dust-suppression/): Transform dusty materials into easy-to-handle, dust-free products with FEECO's custom agglomeration solutions for effective dust suppression. - [Bedding Dryers](https://feeco.com/bedding-dryers/): Reduce moisture, pathogens, and bacterial content to produce a premium livestock bedding with minimal dust using FEECO Bedding Dryers - [Rotary Kiln Incinerators](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-incinerators/): Continuously process multiple waste streams simultaneously with a FEECO Rotary Kiln Incinerator - Process development services available - [Metal Recovery](https://feeco.com/metal-recovery/): Recover metals from e-wastes, batteries, and industrial by-products with FEECO Rotary Kilns - Process development services available - [Customer Service Engineer](https://feeco.com/customer-service-engineer-2/): Customer Service Engineer FEECO International Inc. is currently seeking a motivated, team oriented individual to join our Customer Service department.... - [Project Manager](https://feeco.com/project-manager-3/): Project Manager FEECO International Inc. is currently looking for a motivated, experienced and organized Project Manager to join our Project... - [Spent Carbon Reactivation](https://feeco.com/spent-carbon-reactivation/): Optimize your carbon regeneration process with FEECO's advanced rotary kilns for spent activated carbon reactivation - [Carbon Activation](https://feeco.com/carbon-activation/): Rotary kilns and process development services for commercial-scale production and reactivation of activated carbon - [Spodumene Decrepitation](https://feeco.com/decrepitation/): Rotary kilns engineered for spodumene decrepitation during calcination in the lithium production process - [Spodumene Acid Roasting](https://feeco.com/spodumene-acid-roasting/): Custom indirect rotary kilns for the calcination of spodumene in the acid roasting process of lithium production, backed by process development services - [Continuous Mixers](https://feeco.com/continuous-mixers/): Continuous mixers expertly combine solid and liquid feed components into a homogeneous mixture - [Rotary Dryer Testing](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-testing/): Rotary dryer testing & process development for establishing process criteria and equipment configuration based on material characteristics and process goals - [Rotary Kiln Testing](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-testing/): Batch- and pilot-scale rotary kilns for testing high-temperature bulk solids processing applications such as calcination and catalyst activation. - [Granulation and Agglomeration Testing](https://feeco.com/granulation-and-agglomeration-testing/): Batch- and pilot-scale testing for wet granulation (agitation agglomeration) processes around a wide range of materials - [Conditioning Drums](https://feeco.com/conditioning-drums/): The industry's most reliable conditioning drums, engineered according to process and material goals - process development services available - [Drive Components for Rotary Drums](https://feeco.com/drive-components-for-rotary-drums/): Replacement drive assembly components for rotary drums, including pinion gears, sprockets, reducers, couplings, drive motors, chains, VFDs, and more - [Breechings for Rotary Drums](https://feeco.com/breechings-for-rotary-drums/): Custom rotary drum inlet and discharge breechings for reliable and efficient processing in rotary dryers, coolers, kilns, and granulators - [Trunnion Bearings](https://feeco.com/trunnion-bearings/): Maintain efficient operation and mechanical longevity of your rotary drum with our trunnion bearing assemblies, built for heavy-duty applications - [Agglomerators](https://feeco.com/agglomerators/): The industry's most reliable rotary drum agglomerators, for use in granulation, coating, mixing, and conditioning applications in nearly every industry - [EAF Dust Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/eaf-dust-processing-equipment/): Optimize EAF dust recycling with FEECO's custom pelletizing and material handling equipment for efficient metal recovery. - [Replacement Burners](https://feeco.com/replacement-burners/): Improve process efficiency and meet regulatory requirements with replacement burners for rotary dryers and kilns - [Combustion Chambers](https://feeco.com/combustion-chambers/): Rotary dryer and kiln combustion chambers engineered to promote product quality and process efficiency - [Replacement Flights](https://feeco.com/replacement-flights/): Engineered replacement flights (material lifters) for maximizing heat transfer in rotary dryers and coolers - various designs and materials available - [Replacement Rotary Drum Shells](https://feeco.com/replacement-rotary-drum-shells/): Custom rotary drum shells fabricated to your specific process & material goals. Various designs, materials, and shell thicknesses available - [Thermal Desorption](https://feeco.com/thermal-desorption/): Drive off volatile components from inorganic minerals and cause separation without combustion in FEECO Rotary Kilns - process development services available - [Organic Combustion](https://feeco.com/organic-combustion/): Reduce material volume and mass through organic combustion in an engineered FEECO Rotary Kiln - process development services available - [Coating](https://feeco.com/coating/): Mitigate dust, prevent caking, and improve flowability of bulk solids through coating | Coating Drums & Process Development Services - [Bulk Solids Conditioning](https://feeco.com/conditioning/): Optimize the handling, storage, transportation, and application qualities of bulk solids with custom conditioning equipment. - [Micro Pelletizing](https://feeco.com/micropelletizing/): Micro pelletizing converts powdered bulk solids into a granular product, typically in the size range of 20-60 mesh, offering numerous benefits. - [Pelletizing](https://feeco.com/pelletizing/): Pelletizing is a wet granulation (agitation agglomeration) technique used to convert powders and fines into granular products - [Thrust Rollers](https://feeco.com/thrust-rollers/): Ensure your rotary drum's stability with FEECO's durable thrust rollers, preventing unwanted axial movement. - [Trunnion Wheels](https://feeco.com/trunnion-wheels/): High-quality replacement trunnion wheels (rollers) in 4140 or 4340 steel in face widths up to 36" - [Rotary Drum Tires](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-tires/): High-quality rotary drum tires (riding rings) for rotary dryers, coolers, kilns and granulators, available in a variety of materials and sizes - [Resources](https://feeco.com/resources/): FEECO is an industry leader for manufacturing Rotary Dryers and thermal processing equipment. A Rotary drum dryer is ideal for: potash, sludges, ores, etc. - [Rotary Drum Knocking Systems](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-knocking-systems/): Reduce buildup in rotary dryers, coolers, granulation drums, and coating drums for improved performance with FEECO knocking systems - [Rotary Drum Liners](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-liners/): Minimize corrosion and abrasion in rotary granulators, coating drums, and more, with custom rotary drum liners - [Girth Gears](https://feeco.com/girth-gears/): High-quality replacement rotary drum girth gears in 4340 and 4140 stainless steel, available in sizes ranging from 60" to 180" - [IFDC Handbook](https://feeco.com/ifdc-handbook/): - [Lithium Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/lithium-processing-equipment/): Equipment and process development services for primary and secondary lithium production | Rotary Dryers, Rotary Kilns, Pelletizing, and Bulk Handling Equipment - [Industrial Mixers](https://feeco.com/industrial-mixers/): Discover FEECO's industrial mixers, engineered to improve density, flowability, and handling of your bulk solids - [Mechanical Software Developer](https://feeco.com/careers/mechanical-software-developer/): Mechanical Software Developer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, innovative, team-oriented individual to join our Engineering and Design... - [Project Manager](https://feeco.com/project-manager-2/): Project Manager FEECO International Inc. is currently looking for a motivated, experienced and organized Project Manager to join our Project... - [Electro-Mechanical Equipment Assembler](https://feeco.com/electro-mechanical-equipment-assembler/): Electro-Mechanical Equipment Assembler FEECO International Inc. , is seeking an Electro-Mechanical OEM Equipment Assembler. The position is responsible for the... - [Burn Table Operator](https://feeco.com/burn-table-operator/): Burn Table Operator FEECO International Inc. , is seeking a CNC Plasma Burn Table Operator to join our team on... - [Maintenance Technician](https://feeco.com/maintenance-technician/): MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN FEECO International is currently looking to add to our Maintenance department. We are looking for someone who is... - [Mechanical Designer](https://feeco.com/mechanical-designer/): Mechanical Designer FEECO International Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, team oriented, quality focused individual to join our Mechanical Design... - [Software Developer](https://feeco.com/software-developer/): Software Developer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, innovative, team-oriented individual to join our Engineering and Design Development... - [Aluminum Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/aluminum-processing-equipment/): Process & handling equipment for primary and secondary aluminum production, including decoating kilns, bucket elevators, and more - [Welder Fitter](https://feeco.com/welder-fitter/): Welder/Fitter The Welder-Fitter is a highly skilled individual who has a broad knowledge and understanding of the Welder-Fitter trade using... - [Bauxite Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/bauxite-processing-equipment/): Equipment for bauxite processing, including agglomeration, drying, high-temp thermal processing, and bulk handling - process development services available - [Alumina Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/alumina-processing-equipment/): Custom process equipment for the agglomeration, drying, high-temperature thermal processing, and handling of alumina - process development services available - [Uranium Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/uranium-processing-equipment/): Enhance your uranium processing with FEECO's tailored equipment solutions, including agglomeration drums and bulk material handling systems. - [Nickel Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/nickel-processing-equipment/): Rotary dryers, pelletizing, and bulk material handling equipment for nickel ore, concentrates, and more. Process development services available - [Zinc Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/zinc-processing-equipment/): Custom agglomeration, thermal processing, and bulk material handling equipment for processing zinc ore and other zinc compounds - [Project Manager](https://feeco.com/project-manager/): Project Manager FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Project Manager to lead Engineering/Design efforts on domestic... - [Project Engineer](https://feeco.com/project-engineer/): Project Engineer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Engineer to lead Project Engineering efforts on domestic... - [Lab Coordinator](https://feeco.com/lab-coordinator/): Lab Coordinator FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Lab Coordinator to oversee R&D, customer needs ,and... - [Fitter Welder](https://feeco.com/fitter-welder/): Fitter/Welder The Fitter/Welder is a highly skilled individual who has a broad knowledge and understanding of Fitting and Welding trades... - [Machine Assembler](https://feeco.com/careers/machine-assembler/): Machine Assembler - Principle Duties & Responsibilities: - Perform various Repairs on Machines and Equipment - Performs preventative maintenance on... - [Roofing Granule Production Equipment](https://feeco.com/roofing-granule-production-equipment/): Custom rotary kilns, dryers, coolers, and coating (coloring) drums for use in roofing granule production, with process development services available - [Phosphate Ore Upgrading Equipment](https://feeco.com/phosphate-ore-upgrading-equipment/): Custom phosphate ore upgrading kilns, with process development services in the FEECO Innovation Center available - [Gold Ore Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/gold-ore-processing-equipment/): Heavy-duty agglomerators and bulk material handling equipment for gold ore mining and processing operations, with process development services available - [Biocoal Production Equipment](https://feeco.com/biocoal-production-equipment/): Explore FEECO's custom rotary kilns and material handling equipment for efficient biocoal production from biomass. - [Knocking Systems](https://feeco.com/knocking-systems/): Engineered solutions for reducing buildup in rotary dryers, coolers, granulation drums, and more. - [Glass Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/glass-processing-equipment/): Custom agglomeration and thermal processing equipment ranging from disc pelletizers to rotary kilns for the diverse needs of the glass industry - [Animal Feed Granulation Equipment](https://feeco.com/animal-feed-granulation-equipment/): Animal feed granulation equipment and process development services designed to maximize production, efficiency, and uniformity - [Biochar Production Equipment](https://feeco.com/biochar-production-equipment/): Commercial-scale rotary kilns for biochar production, backed by testing & process development services - [Clay Processing Equipment](https://feeco.com/clay-processing-equipment/): Cutom mixing, agglomeration, drying, and high-temperature thermal processing equipment for clay and advanced ceramic materials --- ## Posts - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Trump’s Deep Sea Mining Push, a Step Further for the Autazes Potash Project, and a Plastic Alternative From Coffee](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-trumps-deep-sea-mining-push-a-step-further-for-the-autazes-potash-project-and-a-plastic-alternative-from-coffee/): The Bulk Solids Insider: Trump’s Deep Sea Mining Push, a Step Further for the Autazes Potash Project, and a Plastic Alternative From Coffee. - [Direct-Fired vs. Indirect-Fired Rotary Kilns](https://feeco.com/direct-fired-vs-indirect-fired-rotary-kilns/): The different configurations (direct-fired vs. indirect-fired rotary kilns) are covered in this article illustrating the benefits of each type. - [Direct-Fired vs. Indirect-Fired Rotary Kilns](https://feeco.com/direct-fired-vs-indirect-fired-rotary-kilns/): The different configurations (direct-fired vs. indirect-fired rotary kilns) are covered in this article illustrating the benefits of each type. - [Challenges in Potash Processing](https://feeco.com/challenges-in-potash-processing/): Learn the challenges potash producers face in fertilizer granulation via pelletizing and compaction, and how those challenges can be overcome. - [Challenges in Potash Processing](https://feeco.com/challenges-in-potash-processing/): Learn the challenges potash producers face in fertilizer granulation via pelletizing and compaction, and how those challenges can be overcome. - [Rotary Dryers: Essential in the Fertilizer Industry](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-essential-in-the-fertilizer-industry/): From reducing moisture to enhancing flowability, explore the essential role of rotary dryers in fertilizer production. - [Rotary Dryers: Essential in the Fertilizer Industry](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-essential-in-the-fertilizer-industry/): From reducing moisture to enhancing flowability, explore the essential role of rotary dryers in fertilizer production. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: U.S. Prioritizes Domestic Mining, Fertilizer Tariffs off the Table, and A Call to Address the EU’s Chemical Crisis](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-u-s-prioritizes-domestic-mining-fertilizer-tariffs-off-the-table-and-a-call-to-address-the-eus-chemical-crisis/): The Bulk Solids Insider: U.S. Prioritizes Domestic Mining, Fertilizer Tariffs off the Table, and A Call to Address the EU's Chemical Crisis - [Elevator Bucket Style Selection](https://feeco.com/elevator-bucket-style-selection/): Explore our guide to elevator bucket style selection for optimal performance and reliability in bulk material handling. - [Elevator Bucket Style Selection](https://feeco.com/elevator-bucket-style-selection/): Explore our guide to elevator bucket style selection for optimal performance and reliability in bulk material handling. - [Engineering Potash Bucket Elevators for Longevity](https://feeco.com/engineering-potash-bucket-elevators-for-longevity/): This article explores potash bucket elevators, including design considerations, strategies for preventing corrosion and more. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: A Probe into Copper Imports, A New Secretary of Agriculture, and Meeting Chemical Carbon Demands with Biomass](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-a-probe-into-copper-imports-a-new-secretary-of-agriculture-and-meeting-chemical-carbon-demands-with-biomass/): The Bulk Solids Insider: A Probe into Copper Imports, A New Secretary of Agriculture, and Meeting Chemical Carbon Demands with Biomass. - [Designing a Potash Conditioning Drum for Maximum Recovery](https://feeco.com/designing-a-potash-conditioning-drum-for-maximum-recovery/): In the face of this growing demand, recognizing the essential role of conditioning drum design is vital to maximizing recovery. - [The Benefits of Pre-Conditioning Your Material](https://feeco.com/benefits-preconditioning-material/): Pre-conditioning material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. - [The Benefits of Pre-Conditioning Your Material](https://feeco.com/benefits-preconditioning-material/): Pre-conditioning material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. - [Fluid Bed Dryer Design: A Beginner’s Guide](https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryer-design-a-beginners-guide/): Dive in to the importance of designing a fluid bed dryer for its intended application, essential material characteristics, and key design considerations. - [Bucket Elevator Maintenance: Best Practices](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-maintenance-best-practices/): Bucket elevators play a critical role in bulk material handling, but their efficiency and longevity depend on proper maintenance practices. - [New Institute for Safe Tailings Management, Call for Improved Nitrogen Management, and a New Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst](https://feeco.com/new-institute-for-safe-tailings-management-call-for-improved-nitrogen-management-and-a-new-ammonia-synthesis-catalyst/): News from the mining, chemical and fertilizer industries. - [A Look at Modern Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods](https://feeco.com/a-look-at-modern-rotary-kiln-alignment-methods/): Learn how advanced rotary kiln alignment techniques can save time, money, and major equipment headaches. - [A Look at Modern Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods](https://feeco.com/a-look-at-modern-rotary-kiln-alignment-methods/): Learn how advanced rotary kiln alignment techniques can save time, money, and major equipment headaches. - [Bucket Elevator Basics](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-basics/): Learn the basics of bucket elevators, including their design, types, and how they efficiently move bulk materials vertically in industrial settings - [Bucket Elevator Basics](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-basics/): Learn the basics of bucket elevators, including their design, types, and how they efficiently move bulk materials vertically in industrial settings - [Question of the Week: What is Rotary Kiln Refractory?](https://feeco.com/question-week-rotary-kiln-refractory/): Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from the high internal temperatures. - [Question of the Week: What is Rotary Kiln Refractory?](https://feeco.com/question-week-rotary-kiln-refractory/): Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from the high internal temperatures. - [Challenges in Limestone Processing](https://feeco.com/challenges-limestone-processing/): Find out how to overcome challenges in limestone processing to ensure consistent quality and optimal performance. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Argentina’s Copper Under Focus, A Booming Nano Fertilizer Market, and an Economic Approach to Polymers from Methane](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-argentinas-copper-under-focus-a-booming-nano-fertilizer-market-and-an-economic-approach-to-polymers-from-methane/): Argentina's copper focus and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - [Key Factors in Building a Quality Bucket Elevator That Lasts](https://feeco.com/key-factors-in-building-a-quality-bucket-elevator-that-lasts/): Building a quality bucket elevator requires more than just robust materials and skilled fabrication; it demands a dedication to stringent quality standards. - [Identifying and Resolving Common Fluid Bed Dryer Issues](https://feeco.com/identifying-and-resolving-common-fluid-bed-dryer-issues/): Discover how to identify and resolve common fluid bed dryer issues like poor fluidization to enhance drying efficiency and product quality. - [Fluid Bed Drying: A Guide to Regime Selection](https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-drying-a-guide-to-regime-selection/): Explore how different fluid bed drying regimes affect performance and efficiency, and select the best one for your process. - [The Role of Mass and Energy Balance in Rotary Kiln Design and Beyond](https://feeco.com/the-role-of-mass-and-energy-balance-in-rotary-kiln-design-and-beyond/): Discover how mass and energy balance play a critical role in rotary kiln design, helping to optimize efficiency and performance. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Copper From Algae, Improvements in Zinc Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Extracting Value From Wastewater](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-copper-from-algae-improvements-in-zinc-nutrient-use-efficiency-and-extracting-value-from-wastewater/): Copper from algae and other updates timely updates from the mining, fertilizer, and chemical industries. - [Bucket Elevator Operation: Best Practices](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-operation-best-practices/): Learn best practices for bucket elevator operation to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity in bulk material handling systems. - [R&D Around Catalyst Manufacturing Sees Growth](https://feeco.com/rd-around-catalyst-manufacturing-sees-growth/): Explore the factors pushing demand for catalyst advancements, as well as R&D testing options in the FEECO Innovation Center. - [R&D Around Catalyst Manufacturing Sees Growth](https://feeco.com/rd-around-catalyst-manufacturing-sees-growth/): Explore the factors pushing demand for catalyst advancements, as well as R&D testing options in the FEECO Innovation Center. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Lithium Under Arkansas, A Stabilizing Potash Market, and Longer-Range EVs](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-lithium-under-arkansas-a-stabilizing-potash-market-and-longer-range-evs/): Longer-range electric vehicles (EVs) and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - [Co-Current Vs. Counter Current: Kiln Air Flow](https://feeco.com/co-current-vs-counter-current-kiln-air-flow/): Learn how co-current and counter-current air flow configurations affect material processing and energy consumption in rotary kilns. - [Co-Current Vs. Counter Current: Kiln Air Flow](https://feeco.com/co-current-vs-counter-current-kiln-air-flow/): Learn how co-current and counter-current air flow configurations affect material processing and energy consumption in rotary kilns. - [Rotary Drums for Incipient Wetness Impregnation of Catalysts](https://feeco.com/rotary-drums-for-incipient-wetness-impregnation-of-catalysts/): Discover how rotary drums optimize the incipient wetness impregnation process, ensuring even liquid distribution for catalyst manufacturing. - [Catalyst Pelletizing for Enhanced Performance and Longevity](https://feeco.com/catalyst-pelletizing-for-enhanced-performance-and-longevity/): Discover how spherical catalysts produced through pelletizing can offer significant advantages across a range of catalytic processes. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Reducing Reliance on Critical Mineral Imports, Low-Carbon Ammonia Fertilizer, and Battery Technology Advancement](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-reducing-reliance-on-critical-mineral-imports-low-carbon-ammonia-fertilizer-and-battery-technology-advancement/): Reducing reliance on critical minerals and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer, and chemical industries - [A Detailed Look at Limestone Drying](https://feeco.com/dry-limestone/): Find out how limestone drying ensures efficient processing and handling, while preventing issues like caking and clumping. - [A Detailed Look at Limestone Drying](https://feeco.com/dry-limestone/): Find out how limestone drying ensures efficient processing and handling, while preventing issues like caking and clumping. - [Rotary Kiln Systems: Supporting Equipment](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-systems-supporting-equipment/): Discover the role of supporting equipment in optimizing rotary kiln operations, from material handling to exhaust gas management. - [Rotary Kiln Systems: Supporting Equipment](https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-systems-supporting-equipment/): Discover the role of supporting equipment in optimizing rotary kiln operations, from material handling to exhaust gas management. - [Material Characteristics to Consider when Pelletizing Limestone](https://feeco.com/material-characteristics-consider-pelletizing-limestone/): Learn how material characteristics like moisture content and particle size impact the limestone pelletizing process and product results. - [Material Characteristics to Consider when Pelletizing Limestone](https://feeco.com/material-characteristics-consider-pelletizing-limestone/): Learn how material characteristics like moisture content and particle size impact the limestone pelletizing process and product results. - [Rotary Dryers Key to Custom Catalyst Manufacturing](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-key-to-custom-catalyst-manufacturing/): Discover how rotary dryers help fine-tune catalyst properties like porosity, moisture content, and particle strength. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: China’s Latest Export Restrictions, Latest Awards for FPEP, and a “Lab Call” for Decarbonization](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-chinas-latest-export-restrictions-latest-awards-for-fpep-and-a-lab-call-for-decarbonization/): China's latest export restrictions and other timely updates from the mining, chemical processing and fertilizer industries. - [The Essential Role of Rotary Drums in Catalyst Manufacturing](https://feeco.com/the-essential-role-of-rotary-drums-in-catalyst-manufacturing/): Explore the many essential roles rotary drums play in catalyst manufacturing, from mixing and impregnation to to particle shaping and calcination. - [Self-Supporting Bucket Elevators for Super-Capacity Needs](https://feeco.com/self-supporting-bucket-elevators-for-super-capacity-needs/): Explore the advantages of self-supporting bucket elevators for handling large volumes when structural steel support is not available. - [Significant Cost Savings in Optimizing Catalyst Kiln Size](https://feeco.com/significant-cost-savings-in-optimizing-catalyst-kiln-size/): Understand the impact of kiln loading on efficiency and how proper sizing can enhance catalyst production processes - [FEECO Offers Bulk Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing](https://feeco.com/feeco-offers-bulk-material-handling-equipment-manufacturing/): Dive into our bulk material handling expertise with this review of our comprehensive equipment line covering conveyors, bucket elevators, and more. - [FEECO Offers Bulk Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing](https://feeco.com/feeco-offers-bulk-material-handling-equipment-manufacturing/): Dive into our bulk material handling expertise with this review of our comprehensive equipment line covering conveyors, bucket elevators, and more. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Reviving the Bureau of Mines, Mounting Pressure Around the Farm Bill, and a Closed-Loop Carbon](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-reviving-the-bureau-of-mines-mounting-pressure-around-the-farm-bill-and-a-closed-loop-carbon/): Updates in the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries from August 2024. - [The Pin Mixer: An Ideal Solution for Processing Ultra-Fine Materials](https://feeco.com/pin-mixer-ideal-solution-processing-ultra-fine-materials/): Learn why the pin mixer is uniquely suited for conditioning ultra-fine materials in a wide range of industrial applications. - [The Pin Mixer: An Ideal Solution for Processing Ultra-Fine Materials](https://feeco.com/pin-mixer-ideal-solution-processing-ultra-fine-materials/): Learn why the pin mixer is uniquely suited for conditioning ultra-fine materials in a wide range of industrial applications. - [Ensuring A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation](https://feeco.com/ensuring-a-smooth-rotary-drum-installation/): Understand key factors that contribute to proper rotary drum installation and equipment longevity, from foundation preparation to alignment checks. - [Ensuring A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation](https://feeco.com/ensuring-a-smooth-rotary-drum-installation/): Understand key factors that contribute to proper rotary drum installation and equipment longevity, from foundation preparation to alignment checks. - [Increasing Efficiency with Process Training for Pelletizing](https://feeco.com/increasing-efficiency-with-process-training-for-pelletizing/): Find out how process training for pelletizing helps operators improve consistency, reduce waste, and increase efficiency. - [Increasing Efficiency with Process Training for Pelletizing](https://feeco.com/increasing-efficiency-with-process-training-for-pelletizing/): Find out how process training for pelletizing helps operators improve consistency, reduce waste, and increase efficiency. - [Options in Customizing a Trough Conveyor](https://feeco.com/options-in-customizing-trough-conveyor/): Explore options in customizing trough belt conveyors to improve performance and reduce maintenance in industrial bulk material handling settings. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Decarbonizing Aluminum, Plastics Pact Roadmap 2.0, and Zero-Emissions Cement](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-decarbonizing-aluminum-plastics-pact-roadmap-2-0-and-zero-emissions-cement/): Updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - [The Role of Drying in Agglomeration](https://feeco.com/role-drying-agglomeration/): Drying is an important part of the agglomeration process, from preparing a material for agglomeration, to producing a premium end product. - [The Role of Drying in Agglomeration](https://feeco.com/role-drying-agglomeration/): Drying is an important part of the agglomeration process, from preparing a material for agglomeration, to producing a premium end product. - [Anatomy of a Disc Pelletizer](https://feeco.com/anatomy-disc-pelletizer/): Learn about the structure and anatomy of a disc pelletizer and why it's ideal for producing uniform pellets in a controlled process. - [Five Ways to Increase Bucket Elevator Capacity](https://feeco.com/five-ways-to-increase-bucket-elevator-capacity/): Explore five strategies to increase bucket elevator capacity, from optimizing bucket spacing to making material flow improvements. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Updates on Critical Minerals, Farm Bill Progress, and Converting CO2 to Common Chemicals](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-updates-on-critical-minerals-farm-bill-progress-and-converting-co2-to-common-chemicals/): The Bulk Solids Insider: Updates on Critical Minerals, Farm Bill Progress, and Converting CO2 to Common Chemicals. - [Rotary Drum or Pelletizing Disc?](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-or-pelletizing-disc/): From throughput to particle uniformity, learn how to choose between a disc and drum pelletizing system for your operation. - [Rotary Drum or Pelletizing Disc?](https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-or-pelletizing-disc/): From throughput to particle uniformity, learn how to choose between a disc and drum pelletizing system for your operation. - [Fluid Bed Dryer FAQs](https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryer-faqs/): From airflow to efficiency, this fluid bed dryer FAQ covers everything you need to know about this popular industrial drying technology. - [Elevating Efficiently: Bucket Elevator Drive Assembly Options](https://feeco.com/elevating-efficiently-bucket-elevator-drive-assembly-options/): Understand the pros and cons of various bucket elevator drive configurations to optimize your system’s performance. - [Indirect Drying vs. Direct Drying](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-indirect-vs-direct-drying/): Find out how direct and indirect rotary dryers differ in design and performance for drying bulk materials effectively. - [Indirect Drying vs. Direct Drying](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-indirect-vs-direct-drying/): Find out how direct and indirect rotary dryers differ in design and performance for drying bulk materials effectively. - [Bucket Elevators: Safety and Accessibility Options](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevators-safety-and-accessibility-options/): Discover how accessibility and safety upgrades can simplify bucket elevator maintenance and improve operator safety. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: A Critical Minerals Research Facility, Sustainability in Fertilizer, and Improved Sodium-Ion Batteries](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-a-critical-minerals-research-facility-sustainability-in-fertilizer-and-improved-sodium-ion-batteries/): Updates in Mining & Minerals DOE Announces Facility Aimed at Critical Minerals Research The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE)... - [Improving Agglomerates through Coating](https://feeco.com/improving-agglomerates-through-coating/): Discover how coating can improve agglomerates by enhancing durability, reducing dust, and optimizing performance. - [Improving Agglomerates through Coating](https://feeco.com/improving-agglomerates-through-coating/): Discover how coating can improve agglomerates by enhancing durability, reducing dust, and optimizing performance. - [Evaluating Bucket Elevator Take-up Options](https://feeco.com/evaluating-bucket-elevator-take-up-options/): Learn how to choose the best take-up option for your bucket elevator to maintain tension and ensure reliable operation - [Choosing A Binder in the Agglomeration Process](https://feeco.com/choosing-binder-agglomeration-process/): Find out how binder choice impacts the agglomeration process and learn to select the best option for your materials and goals. - [Choosing A Binder in the Agglomeration Process](https://feeco.com/choosing-binder-agglomeration-process/): Find out how binder choice impacts the agglomeration process and learn to select the best option for your materials and goals. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Uranium Mine Revival, Potash & Phosphate as Critical Minerals, and Funding Decarbonization](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-uranium-mine-revival-potash-phosphate-as-critical-minerals-and-funding-decarbonization/): Updates in Mining & Minerals Aluminum Emissions Down The International Aluminum Institute (IAI) has released new findings showing that despite... - [Rotary Kilns: Processes Defined](https://feeco.com/rotary-kilns-processes-defined/): From calcination to pyrolysis, learn how rotary kilns facilitate key thermal processes across diverse industries. - [Rotary Kilns: Processes Defined](https://feeco.com/rotary-kilns-processes-defined/): From calcination to pyrolysis, learn how rotary kilns facilitate key thermal processes across diverse industries. - [Rise in Anaerobic Digestion Boosts Manure Granulation](https://feeco.com/rise-in-anaerobic-digestion-boosts-manure-granulation/): Implementing a digester creates an additional stream of revenue, not only through biogas capture, but also through granulating the resulting manure solids. - [Corrosion Control in Rotary Dryers](https://feeco.com/corrosion-control-rotary-dryers/): Corrosion is never desirable, and many steps are undertaken in both the prevention and treatment of corrosion in rotary dryers. - [Corrosion Control in Rotary Dryers](https://feeco.com/corrosion-control-rotary-dryers/): Corrosion is never desirable, and many steps are undertaken in both the prevention and treatment of corrosion in rotary dryers. - [Soil Amendments and Conditioners Vital in Soil Restoration](https://feeco.com/soil-amendments-and-conditioners-vital-in-soil-restoration/): Understand the key role of soil conditioners in rebuilding soil health and learn how soil amendments are manufactured for optimal performance. - [Soil Amendments and Conditioners Vital in Soil Restoration](https://feeco.com/soil-amendments-and-conditioners-vital-in-soil-restoration/): Understand the key role of soil conditioners in rebuilding soil health and learn how soil amendments are manufactured for optimal performance. - [Bucket Elevator Parts to Keep On Hand](https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-parts-to-keep-on-hand/): Avoid long lead times and unexpected delays by keeping these wear-critical parts on-hand and discover tips for keeping a spare parts inventory. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Critical Minerals From Coal, Turning Red Mud Into Green Steel, and the Growing Specialty Fertilizer Market](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-critical-minerals-from-coal-turning-red-mud-into-green-steel-and-the-growing-specialty-fertilizer-market/): Updates in Mining & Minerals Coal Resources to Contribute to Domestic Critical Mineral Supplies The United States Department of Energy... - [The Potash Drying Process: What You Need to Know](https://feeco.com/potash-drying-process/): Discover how the potash drying process removes moisture, prevents caking, and prepares product for handling and storage. - [The Potash Drying Process: What You Need to Know](https://feeco.com/potash-drying-process/): Discover how the potash drying process removes moisture, prevents caking, and prepares product for handling and storage. - [Benefits of the Granulation Drum in Granular Fertilizer Production](https://feeco.com/benefits-of-the-granulation-drum-in-granular-fertilizer-production/): Discover why the granulation drum is a top choice for producing high-quality, uniform granular fertilizers. - [Benefits of the Granulation Drum in Granular Fertilizer Production](https://feeco.com/benefits-of-the-granulation-drum-in-granular-fertilizer-production/): Discover why the granulation drum is a top choice for producing high-quality, uniform granular fertilizers. - [Processing Phosphates for Use in the Fertilizer Industry](https://feeco.com/processing-phosphates-for-use-in-the-fertilizer-industry/): Explore the process of converting phosphate rock into MAP & DAP fertilizer products, from granulation to drying. - [Processing Phosphates for Use in the Fertilizer Industry](https://feeco.com/processing-phosphates-for-use-in-the-fertilizer-industry/): Explore the process of converting phosphate rock into MAP & DAP fertilizer products, from granulation to drying. - [Rotary Dryer Services in High Demand in Aging Frac Sand Dryers](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-services-in-high-demand-in-aging-frac-sand-dryers/): Explore key maintenance practices for maintaining and extending the service life of aging frac sand dryers. - [The Bulk Solids Insider: Lithium's Price Plummet, The Growing Phosphate Fertilizer Market, and Red Sea Shipping Challenges](https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-lithiums-price-plummet-the-growing-phosphate-fertilizer-market-and-red-sea-shipping-challenges/): Updates in Mining & Minerals Canada Grants Nunavut Control Over Mineral Resources The Arctic territory of Nunavut was granted control... - [Rotary Dryer Parts and Components Glossary](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-parts-components-glossary/): Learn the key parts of a rotary dryer, from the drum shell to drive assemblies, in our comprehensive components glossary. - [Rotary Dryer Parts and Components Glossary](https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-parts-components-glossary/): Learn the key parts of a rotary dryer, from the drum shell to drive assemblies, in our comprehensive components glossary. --- ## Literature Posts - [Super-Capacity Bucket Elevators for Potash](https://feeco.com/literature/super-capacity-bucket-elevators-for-potash-2/): - [Self-Supporting Bucket Elevator](https://feeco.com/literature/self-supporting-bucket-elevator-2/): - [Pin Mixers for Animal Feed](https://feeco.com/literature/pin-mixers-for-animal-feed/): --- # # Detailed Content ## Pages ### Careers - Published: 2025-04-17 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://feeco.com/careers/ - Authors: core Build your future at FEECO and discover new possibilities! For over 75 years, we’ve engineered solutions that keep industries moving, from mining and agriculture to energy and recycling. Our success is built on the dedication and talent of our people. That’s why we’re committed to providing not just jobs, but fulfilling careers where your work truly matters. Why Work at FEECO? Joining FEECO means becoming part of a close-knit team with the impact and reach of a global company. You’ll have the opportunity to tackle real-world challenges, collaborate with passionate professionals, and see your work make a difference across the globe. Whether you’re welding, engineering, managing projects, or supporting our customers, your role at FEECO is part of something bigger. We know that thriving at work starts with feeling supported in life. That’s why we offer a comprehensive benefits package designed to promote wellness, financial security, and work-life balance: Comprehensive Health Coverage: Medical, dental, and vision plans, plus an HRA to reduce deductible costs Financial Wellness: 401(k) with company match, company-paid life insurance, and disability coverage Work-Life Balance: Competitive vacation allotment plus 10 paid holidays Wellness Perks: Discounts on fitness memberships, reimbursement for walks/runs, Weight Watchers support, and walk-in clinic visits A Healthy Workplace We’re committed to supporting your health, both on and off the job. From discounted gym memberships to covering entry fees for local races and walk-in clinic visits, we encourage active, healthy living. Who We're Looking for We’re always on the lookout for skilled, motivated individuals to join our team. Our most common roles include: Welders... --- ### Catalyst Manufacturing Equipment > Achieve superior catalyst production with FEECO's specialized equipment and support, covering all stages from shaping to calcination - Published: 2024-10-28 - Modified: 2025-03-12 - URL: https://feeco.com/catalyst-manufacturing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment and support services for everything from catalyst shaping to calcination Equipment With more than 75 years of experience processing materials such as alumina, zeolites, silica, and more, FEECO brings producers an extensive range of equipment for various aspects of the catalyst manufacturing process. All FEECO equipment is designed around process and product goals to ensure the equipment meets the exacting specifications of the catalyst industry. Wet Granulation/Pelletizing (Support Formation) As a globally trusted leader in wet granulation, FEECO offers the industry’s most reputable pelletizing equipment and systems. Our pin mixers and disc pelletizers are ideal for micropelletizing and converting fines into spherical granules, whether you’re working with an active catalyst component or a catalyst support material. Our granulation drums offer an alternative option for especially high-capacity settings. Impregnation & Coating Achieve uniform impregnation or coating with our custom rotary impregnators, each backed by extensive test work in our process development facility. Drying FEECO rotary dryers ensure uniform drying with minimal attrition, whether conducted as part of the catalyst shaping process or after impregnation. These dryers offer extensive opportunity for customization to ensure all product goals, including mechanical strength and bulk density, are consistently met. Our fluid bed dryers are an alternative for lower-capacity operations. Calcination Our custom rotary kilns are expertly engineered to meet your precise calcination requirements. While historically rotary kiln manufacturers have relied on low kiln loadings, FEECO is able to increase kiln loading to optimize kiln size, making the calcination step more efficient and reducing the capital cost of the kiln. Bulk Material Handling We offer a... --- ### Self-Supporting Bucket Elevators > Move up to 800 TPH without structural steel supports - ideal for outdoor applications and plants without existing structural steel - Published: 2024-09-03 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/self-supporting-bucket-elevators/ - Authors: Stephanie Achieve up to 800 TPH without structural steel supports SELF-SUPPORTING, SUPER-CAPACITY BUCKET ELEVATORS A self-supporting elevator eliminates the need for external structural steel to support vertical loads, making it ideal for outdoor applications or situations where existing infrastructure does not allow for the necessary steel supports. These elevators come in various configurations and sizes. And while a range of self-supporting bucket elevators are available on the market, few can offer self-supporting bucket elevators for super-capacity applications. These elevators fill a critical gap in the market for those with existing elevators no longer served by the original manufacturer and reaching their end of life. In addition to smaller sizes, FEECO's self-supporting, super-capacity bucket elevators can accommodate a throughput of up to 800 TPH, making them ideal for use at potash facilities and other sites requiring extreme throughput. The Self-supporting design Non-self-supporting elevators rely on external structural steel to support the majority of the equipment and material load. In these elevators, bearing pads on the head section are attached to surrounding structural steel, which supports the head section, leaving only the intermediate and boot casings for the foundation to support. Because the head casing is rigidly mounted to the structural steel, an expansion joint is placed beneath it to allow for the thermal expansion of the intermediate casings. In contrast, a self-supporting elevator is entirely self-supporting, with the casing and foundation bearing the full load of the unit. While lateral bracing is still required to handle external horizontal forces like wind or seismic activity, all vertical loads are supported by the... --- ### Rotary Dryer Repair > Minimize downtime and maintenance costs with FEECO's rotary dryer repair services - inspections, spare parts, field support, and more - Published: 2024-02-12 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-repair/ - Authors: core Preventive maintenance, spare parts, and field services for rotary dryers of any brand Industry Leaders in Rotary Dryer Repair Proper maintenance is vital to maximizing the service life of your rotary dryer and minimizing unnecessary plant downtime. With more than 70 years of extensive experience as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) designing and maintaining rotary drum equipment, FEECO is the industry leader in rotary dryer repair services and upgrades. From routine maintenance, to spare parts, and even installation support, our highly skilled Customer Service Team has your repair needs covered! In addition to servicing our own equipment, we also regularly service rotary dryers manufactured by others. As experts in rotary equipment, our technicians specialize in doing the job right the first time.   Inspections & Audits We can inspect your system to assess its mechanical condition, troubleshoot issues, and identify any areas that need attention, from the dryer shell to the flighting and everything in between. We can then work with you to resolve any identified issues, develop a preventive maintenance program, and ensure your dryer is fit for efficient operation and longevity.   We can also work with on-site personnel to train your crew in proper maintenance and operation.   Spare Parts Whether you need thrust rollers, trunnion wheels, tires, a ring gear, bearings, seals, or otherwise, we can help you establish and maintain a solid replacement parts inventory.   Field Services Our field maintenance services are extensive, ranging from tire and trunnion grinding to precision laser alignment, and more. We can even engineer custom replacement components and retrofit the solution for you.  ... --- ### Rotary Dryer Maintenance - Published: 2024-02-12 - Modified: 2024-02-12 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-maintenance/ - Authors: core Preventative maintenance, inspections, alignment, and more, all from the industry's leading rotary dryer manufacturer and service provider The constant rotation and heat stresses associated with rotary dryer applications in the bulk solids processing industries make proper maintenance pivotal to maximizing equipment service life, minimizing maintenance costs, and preventing unnecessary downtime. With over 70 years of experience as the industry's leading original equipment manufacturer of custom rotary dryers, FEECO has the tools and expertise to keep your dryer running its best.   Routine Rotary Dryer Maintenance Measurements to Monitor Plant managers can often catch problems before they occur through regular inspections and monitoring. One essential aspect of rotary drum maintenance is regularly measuring and documenting key measurements; operators and maintenance personnel should routinely inspect the dryer and take the following measurements to monitor the unit’s mechanical condition: Tire Creep (how much more the tire/riding ring migrates around the drum shell during rotation) Cold Gap (the amount of space between the inside diameter of the tire and the outside diameter of the filler bars – floating tire assemblies only) Float (drum axial loading on thrust roller, discussed below) Tire and Trunnion Roller Diameters Tire and Trunnion Roller Hardness Gear Maintenance Units employing a gear and pinion drive assembly must ensure that gears are properly lubricated at all times. The girth and pinion gears should also be interfacing properly, with adequate root gap. This minimizes wear on drive components, which are costly to replace. Further, gear damage cannot typically be repaired, leaving replacement as the only option. Replacing Worn Dryer Components Replace worn components as needed as part of preventative... --- ### Rotary Kiln Repair > Ensure optimal rotary kiln performance with FEECO's expert repair services, maintenance, and quality spare parts for any kiln brand. - Published: 2024-02-09 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-repair/ - Authors: core Preventive maintenance, spare parts, and field services for rotary kilns of any brand Industry Leaders in Rotary Kiln Repair Proper maintenance is vital to maximizing the service life of your rotary kiln and minimizing unnecessary downtime. With more than 70 years of extensive experience as an OEM designing and maintaining rotary drum equipment, FEECO is the industry leader in rotary kiln repair services. From routine maintenance, to spare parts, and even installation support, our highly skilled Customer Service Team has your kiln repair needs covered! In addition to servicing our own equipment, we also regularly service rotary kilns built by other manufacturers. As experts in rotary equipment, our technicians specialize in doing the job right the first time.   Inspections & Audits We can inspect your kiln to assess its mechanical condition and identify any areas that need attention, from the kiln shell to the refractory lining and everything in between. We can then work with you to resolve any identified issues and ensure your kiln is fit for efficient operation and longevity.   We can also work with on-site personnel to train your crew in proper maintenance and operation.   Spare Parts Whether you need thrust rollers, trunnion wheels, tires, a ring gear, bearings, or otherwise, we can help you establish and maintain a solid replacement parts inventory.   Rotary Kiln Services Our field services are extensive, ranging from tire and trunnion grinding to laser alignment, and more. We can even engineer custom replacement components and retrofit the solution for you.   In addition to rotary kilns, we also service dryers, coolers,... --- ### Giving - Published: 2024-01-24 - Modified: 2024-08-22 - URL: https://feeco.com/giving/ - Authors: core For charitable giving requests please fill out the form below and submit it by email to giving@feeco. com. https://feeco. com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Volunteer-Request-Form. pdf --- ### Rotary Dryer Services > Extend the lifespan of your rotary dryer with FEECO's specialized preventive maintenance, repair services, and high-quality replacement parts - Published: 2024-01-04 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-services/ - Authors: core Preventive maintenance, spare parts, and field services for rotary dryers of any brand Our Goal as a Service Provider As the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of the industry's best custom rotary dryers, our team of highly trained and experienced engineers is ready to assist you with all of your rotary dryer maintenance and repair needs, from spare parts and small repairs, to major rebuilds. We serve a variety of industries, including chemical, metals, mining & minerals, pulp and paper, and more.   Our goal is to get your operation up and running as quickly as possible and minimize future downtime and maintenance costs while promoting process efficiency. We take a holistic approach to dryer repair and don’t just treat the symptoms; our Customer Service Team works to identify and address the root of the problem to prevent future issues. If you’re experiencing any of the following, contact the FEECO Customer Service Team today: Unplanned downtime Wear on equipment or components Unexplained process inefficiencies Unexplained product inconsistencies Inability to reach rated capacity Requirement for spare parts Frequent replacement of components Auditory abnormalities or vibrations Rotary Dryer Services: Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance is the best approach to maximizing the service life of any rotary dryer while minimizing downtime and unnecessary maintenance costs. In addition to start-up and commissioning support, we offer the following services: Process & Equipment Audits Routine & Annual Inspections Operator & Personnel Training Dynamic (in-operation) Inspections Burner & Controls Inspections Dryer Tests During inspections and audits, we can measure and analyze a variety of factors indicative of dryer health. This includes: Drum... --- ### HORIZONTAL MIXERS > Continuous horizontal mixers engineered for optimal performance and longevity, featuring custom designs and heavy-duty construction. - Published: 2023-09-27 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/horizontal-mixers/ - Authors: core Horizontal mixers optimized for performance and longevity FEECO horizontal mixers offer an ideal solution for homogeneously blending solid and liquid feed components into uniform bulk solids mixtures according to the unique needs of the process industries.   Our innovative mixing technology is used throughout a variety of industrial applications to mix, condition, de-dust, and even agglomerate powders and sludges for improved density, flowability, transportation, handling, and application. These horizontal mixers also serve as an engineered alternative to horizontal ribbon mixers and mixing screws, offering significantly improved blending of solid and liquid components.   Within our extensive line of processing equipment, we offer two primary types of horizontal mixers, each with highly customizable configurations for accommodating different product goals and production capacities. All FEECO equipment is backed by our unmatched expertise in processing bulk materials. PIN MIXERS Pin mixers are a medium-shear horizontal mixer ideal for processing ultra-fine or powdered materials in the presence of a liquid binder or minor liquid additive. Pin mixers utilize a high-speed mixing action to densify particles into rough or free-flowing agglomerates. They are widely employed for processing carbon black and coal, as well as a variety of materials in the chemical industry. Learn more about pin mixers >> PUGMILL mixerS Also known as paddle mixers or pug mills, pugmill mixers are another type of medium-shear horizontal mixing equipment. Pugmill mixers offer a high-torque, gentle blending action compared to pin mixers, imparting a kneading and folding action on the material to homogeneously blend solid and liquid feed materials. They can be used with... --- ### Rotary Kiln Services > Ensure optimal performance of your rotary kiln with our expert maintenance, repair services, and quality spare parts. - Published: 2023-06-01 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-services/ - Authors: core Preventive maintenance, spare parts, and field services for rotary kilns of any brand Our Goal as a Service Provider As the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of the industry's best custom kilns, our team of highly trained and experienced engineers is ready to assist you with all of your rotary kiln maintenance and repair needs, from spare parts and small repairs, to major rebuilds. We serve a variety of industries, including chemical, metals, mining & minerals, pulp and paper, and more.   Our goal is to get your operation up and running as quickly as possible and minimize future downtime and maintenance costs while promoting process efficiency. We take a holistic approach to kiln repair and don’t just treat the symptoms; our Customer Service Team works to identify and address the root of the problem to prevent future issues. If you’re experiencing any of the following, contact the FEECO Customer Service Team today: Unplanned downtime Wear on equipment or components Unexplained process inefficiencies Unexplained product inconsistencies Inability to reach rated capacity Requirement for spare parts Frequent replacement of components Auditory abnormalities or vibrations Rotary Kiln Services: Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance is the best approach to maximizing the service life of any rotary kiln while minimizing downtime and unnecessary maintenance costs. In addition to start-up and commissioning support, we offer the following services: Process & Equipment Audits Routine & Annual Inspections Operator & Personnel Training Dynamic (in-operation) Inspections Burner & Controls Inspections Refractory Inspections Kiln Tests During inspections and audits, we can measure and analyze a variety of factors indicative of kiln health. This includes: ... --- ### Resource Library - Published: 2023-04-15 - Modified: 2023-04-15 - URL: https://feeco.com/literature/ - Authors: core --- ### Rotary Drum Maintenance - Published: 2023-03-15 - Modified: 2024-02-12 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-maintenance/ - Authors: core Service support from the industry’s most reputable rotary drum manufacturer, including routine and preventive maintenance, specialty repairs, retrofits, and more. The FEECO Customer Service Team offers a wide range of services designed to keep rotary drums of all types running in optimal condition. This includes: Rotary Dryer Maintenance Rotary Cooler Maintenance Rotary Kiln Maintenance Agglomerator Maintenance Granulator Maintenance Coating Drum Maintenance Conditioning Drum Maintenance Rotary Scrubber Maintenance ROTARY DRUM MAINTENANCE SERVICES With unmatched experience in rotary drum design, construction, and operation, FEECO Customer Service Engineers can inspect, diagnose, and treat mechanical failures, worn components, and process instabilities, while also laying the groundwork for a preventive maintenance program going forward. Available services include but are not limited to: Drum alignment Drum shell thickness testing Coupling and shaft alignments Tire & trunnion grinding Gear replacement Seal replacement Tire, trunnion, and thrust roller replacement Process and mechanical audits Flight/Lifter replacement Spare parts Sites with multiple rotary drums can take advantage of Monthly Dynamic Inspections. --- ### Fluid Bed Dryers > Fluid bed dryers designed around your unique material requirements, by the leaders in thermal processing for performance & efficiency - Published: 2023-03-14 - Modified: 2025-02-26 - URL: https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryers/ - Authors: core Designed by the leaders in thermal processing for performance & efficiency FLUID BED DRYERS With their smaller footprint and greater heat transfer efficiency, fluid bed dryers offer an optimal industrial drying system for operations with less available floor space. As a leader in bulk solids drying equipment, FEECO offers efficient drying methods designed to meet your production goals. How Does a Fluid Bed Dryer Work As a pneumatic drying technology, fluid bed drying relies on forced hot air to achieve fluidization of materials ranging from powders to granules to reduce the moisture content according to material specifications and desired throughput. Each material has a unique minimum fluidization velocity, or airflow required to fluidize the heaviest particles and reach a fluidized state. As such, particle size and shape, as well as the weight of the particles influence the fluidizing process.   A hot air stream is forced through a perforated plate at the velocity required based on the specific particle characteristics. This perforated distributor plate ensures uniform air distribution across the bed of material. Air velocity also determines the “regime,” or material flow pattern. Careful temperature control is essential to avoid overheating and degradation of heat-sensitive materials.   In contrast to a static system, the use of fluidization greatly increases the available material surface area exposed to direct contact with the air. Further, as material behaves like a fluid, it experiences complete mixing, resulting in uniform drying (for this reason a fluid bed dryer should not be considered a plug flow system). While many equate these systems with vibratory fluid bed technology,... --- ### Monthly Dynamic Rotary Drum Inspections > Dynamic rotary drum inspections for facilities with four or more drums - minimize downtime and maintenance costs with this preventative maintenance approach - Published: 2022-05-04 - Modified: 2022-11-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/monthly-dynamic-rotary-drum-inspections/ - Authors: core Systematic inspections designed to minimize downtime for multi-drum facilities WHAT IS A MONTHLY DYNAMIC ROTARY DRUM INSPECTION? FEECO offers monthly (or other incremental) dynamic rotary drum inspections to facilities with four or more rotary drums as a way to simplify drum maintenance and catch potential problems at their onset, all while minimizing downtime. These inspections are available for any type of rotary drum, including: Rotary dryers and coolersGranulation and agglomeration drumsRotary kilns and calcinersCoating drumsRotary scrubbers HOW A MONTHLY DYNAMIC INSPECTION WORKS Each month, a FEECO Customer Service Engineer conducts a static inspection on one (shut down, locked-out, tagged-out) rotary drum. This inspection is a thorough evaluation of the mechanical condition of the rotary drum both inside and out, including the following components: Drum shellDrive componentsTires and trunnion rollers/wheelsThrust rollersBreechingsInternalsSealsKnocking systemsBurner/Combustion chamber Various measurements are taken as part of the assessment, including: Drum shell thickness profileTire face widthTire thicknessCold gapKeeper gapTire profileTire hardnessTrunnion wheel profileTrunnion wheel face widthTrunnion wheel hardness During this time, any necessary maintenance can be scheduled for a planned outage. During the same visit, the Customer Service Engineer also conducts a dynamic inspection on all remaining drums at the facility while they remain in operation. This consists of a high-level visual walk-through of the drum, with the engineer looking for the start of potential issues such as: MisalignmentTire and/or trunnion wearVisual or auditory abnormalitiesHigh thrust loads A number of observations may also be taken during the dynamic inspection: Trunnion bearing temperaturesDrive bearing temperaturesTrunnion bearing vibrationsDrive bearing vibrationsThrust roller contactTire creepShell temperature profile The following month or... --- ### Terms and Conditions > FEECO Purchase Order Terms & Conditions - Published: 2021-08-25 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/tc/ - Authors: core PURCHASE ORDER GENERAL CONDITIONS COMPLETE AGREEMENT: This purchase order, including these terms and conditions, the specifications hereto and any additional terms and conditions incorporated into and attached hereto, constitutes the sole and entire agreement between the parties hereto. In the event of any conflict between terms type written on the face of the purchase order and those printed on the reverse side, the typewritten terms on the face shall control. The Vendor’s quotation is incorporated in and made a part of this purchase order only to the extent of specifying the nature and description of the goods ordered and then only to the extent that such items are consistent with the other terms of this purchase order. No other terms or conditions shall be binding upon Buyer unless accepted by it in writing. In no event shall the Buyer’s acceptance and/or use of equipment, goods or services (“goods”) delivered hereunder constitute acceptance by the Buyer of any terms or conditions in addition to or different from those provided herein. CHANGES-TERMINATIONS: Buyer may by written change order, make any changes, including additions to or deletions from the quantities originally ordered, or in the specifications or drawings. If any such change affects the amount due or the time of performance hereunder, an equitable adjustment shall be made by Buyer. Buyer may at any time, by written change order terminate this agreement as to all or any portion of the goods then not shipped, subject to an equitable adjustment between the parties as... --- ### Sugar Dryers > Custom rotary dryers for drying sugar, sugar beet pulp (cossettes), bagasse, and more, with extensive process development services available - Published: 2020-12-17 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/sugar-dryers/ - Authors: core Engineered dryers for drying sugar, sugar beet pulp, bagasse, and more SUGAR DRYING AT ITS BEST Drying is an essential step in producing quality products suitable for market, leading many of the sugar industry's leading producers to rely on FEECO for their drying system needs. FEECO rotary dryers provide a reliable, gentle drying solution for sugar producers looking to reduce moisture content on a continuous basis. Whether processing sugarcane or sugar beets, FEECO rotary sugar dryers offer efficient drying for a range of products, from sugar crystals to bagasse, and even pressed pulp (cossettes). Drying (and Cooling) Sugar Crystals Drying and cooling are critical steps after centrifugation at the refinery, as sugar temperature and humidity must be carefully controlled to maintain product integrity, ensure free-flowing particles, and prevent issues such as caking or melting during storage. A counter-current drying configuration is typical, as this promotes a more gradual evaporation of moisture, as well as crystallization of the syrup on the surface of crystals.   Drying Beet Pulp (Cossettes) From Sugar Beets When used to prepare sugar beet pulp or cossettes (also known as wet pulp) for use in animal feed, drying promotes a better product by improving handling qualities, creating a product with ideal storage properties, preparing the pulp for pelleting, and reducing transportation costs.   In all sugar drying settings, rotary dryers employ lifting flights to pick up material, carry it over as the drum rotates, and drop it through the products of combustion (or in the case of a cooler, chilled air). Proper flight design is essential to achieving... --- ### Carbon Black Processing Equipment > Custom pelletizing, conditioning, de-dusting, and drying equipment designed around carbon black's challenging characteristics - Published: 2020-12-17 - Modified: 2024-12-17 - URL: https://feeco.com/carbon-black-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment for drying and de-dusting carbon black EQUIPMENT The ultra-fine particle size of carbon black makes processing and handling a difficult task. All FEECO equipment is designed with the unique challenges of carbon black in mind for a tailored solution. MATERIAL PROCESSING Carbon Black Agglomeration & De-dusting Equipment As the leading provider of agitation (tumble growth) agglomeration and granulation equipment, FEECO offers a range of equipment for de-dusting and pelletizing carbon black into a more manageable granular form. Our pin mixers are an ideal fit for de-dusting carbon black, transforming the powder into micro pellets for easier handling, transportation, and use. Rotary granulators are also available for upgrading pellet size. Carbon Black Production & Recovery Whether looking to produce carbon black from biomass, transform it into biochar or activated carbon, or recover it from waste tires, FEECO custom rotary kilns provide an ideal thermal processing environment. Engineered around the specific challenges of the task at hand, FEECO rotary kilns can be used to accomplish an array of carbon black objectives. Carbon Black Dryers FEECO can provide custom engineered carbon black dryers for high-capacity settings, whether of the direct or indirect configuration. RESOURCES PROJECT PROFILES Carbon black ARTICLES View All > BROCHURES PHOTOS View All > --- ### Engineering Services > Equipment & plant engineering services, including P&ID development, process flow diagrams, mass balance, conceptual plant layouts, and more - Published: 2020-11-19 - Modified: 2025-01-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/engineering-services/ - Authors: core End-to-end project support from seasoned engineers EQUIPMENT & PLANT ENGINEERING SERVICES Our diverse engineering capabilities are backed by an extensive staff of chemical, electrical, and mechanical engineers. All project managers and sales team members are experienced engineers and work with our staff of fully trained CAD and Inventor users to develop custom equipment and systems around every project’s unique requirements. Combined with over 70 years of experience, this allows us to provide our customers with a full spectrum of engineering services and deliverables, from a single piece of equipment, to a complete process system, including: Conceptual engineering Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) Detailed design Costing Instrumentation, controls, electrical, and automation Process and mechanical Structural Equipment engineering Material handling ENGINEERING DELIVERABLES: Process flow diagrams/Mass balance Conceptual plant layouts Plant and equipment general arrangement drawings Civil works guide drawings with static and dynamic loads Structural steel and access platform guide drawings Chute and duct work guide drawings Vendor interface, bid evaluation and analysis P&ID development Installation and commissioning review Structural steel detailing Site supervision for installation & start-up Our engineering department works closely with our on-site fabrication facility to ensure stringent design and quality standards are met, while project managers work to oversee that systems are designed, manufactured, and installed to spec—on time and on budget. --- ### Iron Ore Balling Drums > High-capacity, heavy-duty balling drums engineered for reliability & longevity in iron ore pelletizing plants - Published: 2020-07-10 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/iron-ore-balling-drums/ - Authors: core Robust balling drums for green balling in iron ore pelletizing plants BALLING DRUMS As a leader in rotary equipment, all FEECO balling drums are engineered around the unique characteristics of iron ore for optimized, long-term green ball production. HIGH-CAPACITY IRON ORE AGGLOMERATION Iron ore pelletizing plants rely on high-capacity balling drums to agglomerate ore fines and concentrates into pellets ranging from 8 – 16 mm for optimal performance in the blast furnace. Pelletizing iron ore products in a balling drum offers the following benefits: Mitigation of dust issues Improved handling qualities Enhanced heat transfer and ultimately greater productivity in the blast furnace Lower requirement for coking coal Fewer emissions compared to sinter Decreased loss of product FEATURES Diameter: 36” – 15’ (1 – 4. 6m) Capacity: 500 lb/hr – 3500+ TPH Efficient bed turning designs Heavy-duty design and construction Process and mechanical warranties Various drive assemblies available OPTIONAL COMPONENTS Spray Systems Various Liner Options Machined Bases Screw Conveyor Feeder Automatic Gear Lubrication System Variable Slope Variable Speed Unitized Drive Base FEECO balling drums utilize our unitized drive base. The drive system is mounted on an adjustable, one piece drive base, which is bolted down to a sole plate resting on custom leveled mounting pads. Adjustment screws are included to easily adjust the entire drive base, avoiding the hassle of having to realign each component separately. This results in quicker installation, savings in labor, and increased gear/sprocket life. BALLING DRUM COMPONENTS & PARTS 3D illustration showing the mechanical construction of a FEECO Balling Drum BENEFITS The benefits associated with FEECO balling drums... --- ### Pelletizer Plant > Support for every aspect of building a pelletizing plant, including process development services, custom equipment manufacturing, and parts & service support - Published: 2020-05-14 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/pelletizer-plant/ - Authors: core The industry's most advanced pelletizing plants for everything from specialty chemicals to minerals and ores Pelletizer Plant As the world’s foremost expert in tumble-growth (agitation) agglomeration (also known as wet granulation), FEECO designs, builds, and services the industry’s most advanced pelletizer plants. A FEECO pelletizer plant can transform dusty, difficult-to-handle materials into everything from rough agglomerates, to a premium granular product, whether the goal is to simplify transportation and disposal, improve a production process, or bring a new product to market. APPLICATIONS Due to the many benefits the process can offer, pelletizing continues to expand into a growing number of markets and applications. Typical pelletizer plant applications include: Iron ore (in this case the process is typically referred to as balling) Fertilizers & soil amendments (gypsum, limestone, etc. ) Industrial by-products (fly ash, EAF dust, etc. ) Minerals and ores (bauxite, clay, glass, etc. ) Chemical products (pigments, dyestuff, etc. ) PELLETIZER PLANT EQUIPMENT While pelletizer plants often refer specifically to disc pelletizer setups, various types of equipment and combinations thereof can be used to carry out the pelletizing process. AGGLOMERATION EQUIPMENT Agglomeration equipment commonly used to carry out the pelletizing process includes the following. Equipment may be used as a stand-alone pelletizing device, or in combination. Disc Pelletizers Pug Mills Drum Granulators Pin Mixers ROTARY DRUM DRYERS & COOLERS As a wet process, pelletizing typically requires a drying step. This is frequently carried out in a rotary dryer, a high-capacity dryer that utilizes a cascading motion to dry pellets, while also rounding and polishing them as they tumble through the drum. In some cases, a rotary cooler may follow... --- ### Covid-19 Statement > Information on FEECO's Covid-19 guidelines - Published: 2020-04-15 - Modified: 2023-03-15 - URL: https://feeco.com/covid-19-statement/ - Authors: core FEECO INTERNATIONAL COVID-19 STATEMENT Dear Clients & Suppliers: FEECO International continues to respond and adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are pleased that the United States Government recognizes the critical role of the chemical, agricultural, energy, petroleum & mining industries within our society and we are thankful to be considered an essential part of the Manufacturing Sector that supports those industries. As a valued customer or supplier, we want to let you know that our manufacturing capability and supply chains remain strong and intact. We have implemented work at home guidelines for many of our office employees, while maintaining an essential, active workflow to our manufacturing staff. We have also implemented strict policies restricting travel & meetings in order to protect our employees and critical business partners: No visitors are allowed in our offices No business travel or off-site meetings are allowed. Meetings are to be conducted via phone or internet conferencing. This unfortunately means that our on-site Customer Service support is temporarily on hold. However, our Service Engineers are available for remote support at any time and will strive to support our clients in any way possible. Please reach out to us at any time if you have questions or concerns. We sincerely appreciate your patience, understanding & partnership during these unprecedented times. Kerry R. DunnVice President & General ManagerFEECO International, Inc. --- ### MAP & DAP Production > The industry's most reputable phosphate fertilizer production equipment & granulation systems, process development services, and parts & service support - Published: 2020-01-14 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/phosphate-fertilizer-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core The best in custom processing solutions and production equipment for producing monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), as well as single super phosphate (SSP) and triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer products phosphate fertilizer production EQUIPMENT FEECO has been providing the fertilizer industry with custom equipment and process solutions for phosphates since 1951. We offer a range of capabilities to suit both novel and traditional phosphoric fertilizer production capabilities. MATERIAL PROCESSING Granulation & Agglomeration FEECO granulation drums are the standard production equipment for producing granular monoammonium and diammonium phosphate products. We can provide everything from a single granulation drum, to an engineered, process equipment package. FEECO also offers a variety of additional agglomeration equipment including disc pelletizers, pin mixers, and pugmill mixers (paddle mixers) for producing specialty fertilizer products. Coating Specifically designed around the unique characteristics of the product at hand, FEECO coating drums are the device of choice when a uniform coating and premium granular fertilizer product are sought. Rotary Dryers & Coolers FEECO rotary dryers are the ideal industrial drying solution for phosphate at every stage of its lifecycle; from drying phosphate rock for production, to drying granular fertilizer products into their final moisture range. FEECO rotary coolers are also widely applied as a finishing step in the fertilizer granulation process. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your MAP & DAP handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE... --- ### Pulp and Paper Processing > Custom equipment for processing and handling pulp & paper industry by-products, with process development services available - Published: 2020-01-07 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/pulp-and-paper-processing/ - Authors: core Process development and custom equipment for making the most out of pulp and paper residuals. EQUIPMENT Pulp and paper residuals from the paper and packaging industries are a valuable resource that can serve as a feedstock for a variety of new products. FEECO provides a range of equipment for transforming these residuals into value-added products. We have experience engineering equipment for processing: Paper pulp Dried paper pulp Paper sludge Filter cake MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO offers a range of mixing and agglomeration equipment ideal for processing pulp and paper residuals, including granulation drums, disc pelletizers (pan granulators), pin mixers, and pugmill mixers. Drying & Cooling FEECO offers rotary dryers and coolers, as well as fluid bed dryers, each engineered around the unique characteristics of the material to be processed. Coating When coating is desired, FEECO coating drums offer the best in uniform coating results. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your pulp and paper handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility with a flexible setup that allows for agglomeration, drying, and coating to be tested to aid in the process and product development stages. Testing can be conducted utilizing a single piece of equipment, or... --- ### Wood Chip Handling Equipment > Bulk material handling equipment including belt conveyors and bucket elevators for moving wood chips, pellets, sawdust, wood ash, bark, and more - Published: 2019-12-20 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/wood-chip-handling-equipment/ - Authors: core The best in custom handling equipment for wood chips and other wood-based materials BULK MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT Whether handling wood pellets, wood chips, saw dust, wood ash, bark, or otherwise, FEECO custom bulk material handling equipment provides an engineered solution to tough handling problems. With a range of equipment and accessories, we can supply everything from a single piece of equipment to a complete handling system. FEECO material handling equipment includes bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. CONVERSION TO BIOCHAR OR ACTIVATED CARBON FEECO is the leading supplier of custom rotary kilns for converting wood and agricultural wastes to biochar and activated carbon. For more information on converting wood products to higher-value carbon products, see our biochar processing page. PARTS & SERVICE FEECO provides a comprehensive offering of parts and service to keep your equipment running its best for years to come. This includes a variety of field services, process and equipment audits, spare parts, and more. RESOURCES PROJECT PROFILES WOOD CHIP ARTICLES Continue Reading → View All > BROCHURES PHOTOS View All > --- ### Sulfur Processing Equipment > Custom equipment for processing & handling sulfur compounds in the fertilizer and chemical industries, with process development services available - Published: 2019-12-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/sulfur-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Engineered equipment for processing sulfur in the agriculture and chemical industries EQUIPMENT Whether incorporating sulfur into a complex fertilizer, or producing a product for downstream processing, FEECO offers a wide variety of equipment for processing and handling sulfur in various forms. This includes: Ammonium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate Elemental Sulfur Langbeinite Gypsum MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing & Granulation FEECO offers a variety of agglomeration equipment for mixing, pelletizing, and granulating sulfur products. This includes pin mixers, disc pelletizers, drum granulators, and pugmill mixers. Drying & Cooling FEECO rotary dryers and coolers are robust and built for reliable sulfur processing in any setting. Coating Coating is essential to maintaining product integrity when working with sulfur. FEECO coating drums provide a superior coating result with uniform and even coating distribution. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your sulfur handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide range of testing needs, including pelletizing, drying, and roll compaction. We can test on a... --- ### Specialty Fertilizer and Soil Amendment Processing Equipment > The industry's best custom process & handling equipment for specialty fertilizer & soil amendment production, with process development services available - Published: 2019-12-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/specialty-fertilizer-and-soil-amendment-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Process and product development combined with the industry’s best production equipment Specialty fertilizers and soil amendments are becoming increasingly integral to meeting crop nutrition needs, improving soil conditions, and protecting the environment, with custom formulations, controlled-release attributes, and optimized application characteristics now considered essential for many products. With unmatched experience in the fertilizer production industry, FEECO has been on the cusp of these changes, helping producers to develop and produce custom products to meet the industry’s changing demands through: Granulation of novel materials and custom formulations (NPKS, Humate, SOP, etc. ) Granulation of recovered or recycled nutrients (Manure, Biosolids, etc. ) Granulation of organic materials into premium products (Digested Dairy Manure, Chicken Litter, Compost, etc. ) Granulation of process and industry by-products (Synthetic/FGD Gypsum, Fly Ash, Paper Sludge, etc. ) Inclusion of additives or performance enhancers (Micro Nutrients, Organic Binders, Biochar, etc. ) Improvement of performance, handling, and application characteristics EQUIPMENT FEECO provides custom equipment for every step in the fertilizer and soil amendment production process – from a single piece, to a complete granulation line. MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO’s highly customizable line of mixing and agglomeration equipment covers a diverse range of production techniques for a truly engineered product. From traditional granulation utilizing a chemical reaction, to pelletizing with a preconditioning step, FEECO equipment is configurable for the most specific production demands. Available mixing and granulation equipment includes: Granulation drums Disc pelletizers (Pan granulators) Pin mixers Pugmill mixers Drying & Cooling Drying and cooling are both essential steps in producing custom fertilizer and soil amendment products that... --- ### Urea Processing Equipment > Custom equipment for drying, cooling, coating, and handling urea fertilizers - Process development services available - Published: 2019-12-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/urea-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Process and equipment solutions for premium urea fertilizer products EQUIPMENT Whether incorporating urea into a new fertilizer formulation or finishing urea granules for a premium product, FEECO equipment is the fertilizer industry standard for reliable, optimized production. MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO granulation drums, pan granulators, pin mixers, and pugmill mixers offer robust processing designed around the unique characteristics of urea. Drying & Cooling FEECO fertilizer dryers and coolers are backed by decades of experience in the fertilizer industry. Our rotary dryers and coolers boast a robust design and are built with longevity in mind. Coating When a uniform coating matters most, FEECO coating drums provide superior results over alternative methods. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your urea handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center offers a flexible processing setup for testing a variety of processes and equipment at batch and pilot scale. This includes granulation, coating, drying, and more. Data gathered during testing is then used to design commercial-scale units for production. We offer comprehensive testing services in four categories: Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch... --- ### Compost Processing Equipment > Custom equipment for the granulation, drying, and handling of compost in a commercial setting - Process development services available - Published: 2019-12-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/compost-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Process development and custom equipment for transforming compost into a premium product EQUIPMENT Compost is increasingly being considered as a valuable product for agriculture. As producers look to implement commercial processes, FEECO offers proven technology for transforming compost into a premium fertilizer or soil amendment product. MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO granulation drums, disc pelletizers (pan granulators), pin mixers, and pugmill mixers are engineered around the unique characteristics of the compost source to provide an optimal mixing, pelletizing, or granulation system. Equipment is available as a single piece, or as part of a complete production line. Drying FEECO rotary dryers are a valuable complement to compost granulation operations. With extensive experience in organic materials, FEECO rotary dryers are designed to reach precise moisture content, without overdrying the material and while maintaining product integrity. Drying can also pasteurize and kill pathogens if required. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your compost handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN As all sources of compost vary, testing is critical in developing a process that meets the intended goals efficiently and reliably. The FEECO Innovation Center is well equipped to test a variety of agglomeration techniques and equipment configurations, be it on a... --- ### Ammonium Sulfate Processing Equipment > Custom equipment for processing ammonium sulfate into a premium fertilizer product, with process development services available - Published: 2019-12-09 - Modified: 2024-10-10 - URL: https://feeco.com/ammonium-sulfate-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom production equipment for high-quality ammonium sulfate EQUIPMENT FEECO is the leading provider of fertilizer granulation equipment for both inorganic and organic systems. Our custom ammonium sulfate production equipment is relied on by the industry’s most notable players. All equipment is designed around the unique characteristics of ammonium sulfate for optimal processing and handling results. MATERIAL PROCESSING Granulation Our custom granulation drums are the industry standard for high-capacity, reliable ammonium sulfate fertilizer production. Drying & Cooling Drying and cooling are critical steps in producing a high-quality granular ammonium sulfate that can withstand handling, transportation, and application. FEECO provides the industry’s best rotary dryers and coolers for use in the production of granular ammonium sulfate. Coating Coatings take granular ammonium sulfate from a standard product to a premium one by reducing dust, decreasing the potential for caking, and improving flowability and handling. FEECO coating drums are the preferred coating device when looking to produce a uniformly coated product. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your ammonium sulfate handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work... --- ### NPK Production Equipment > The industry's most reputable fertilizer production equipment, with process development services available | Drying, Cooling, Granulation, & Coating - Published: 2019-12-06 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/npk-production-equipment/ - Authors: core The industry’s most reputable supplier of custom fertilizer production equipment and systems for NPK products EQUIPMENT NPK fertilizers are the foundation of agriculture and continue to be a critical component in meeting food security needs. With the development of modern fertilizer production techniques, FEECO was on the ground floor, helping companies around the world to adopt the new way of producing fertilizer. Today, as the fertilizer industry continues to evolve, FEECO remains the go-to resource for everything related to NPK fertilizer production – from process and product development, to custom equipment, and parts and service support, for both organic and inorganic operations. FEECO can supply everything from a single piece of equipment, to a complete fertilizer production line. All FEECO equipment is custom engineered around the unique characteristics of the source materials and backed by decades of expertise. MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO offers a comprehensive line of agglomeration and granulation equipment for meeting an array of NPK fertilizer production needs. This includes granulation drums, disc pelletizers (pan granulators), pin mixers, and pugmill mixers. Drying & Cooling FEECO rotary dryers and coolers offer reliable and efficient drying and cooling for NPK fertilizer products. Coating FEECO coating drums are the device of choice when a highly uniform coating is desired. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your fertilizer handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete... --- ### Coke Handling and Processing Equipment > Custom processing & handling equipment for the efficient handling of metallurgical and petroleum coke in various forms - Published: 2019-12-06 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/coke-handling-and-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Engineered equipment for processing and handling petroleum and metallurgical coke EQUIPMENT FEECO has a wide variety of processing and handling equipment for meeting the diverse needs of metallurgical and petroleum coke in a variety of forms. MATERIAL PROCESSING Mixing, Pelletizing & Granulating FEECO offers pugmill mixers for agglomerating coke products into a more usable, easily handled form. Drying & Cooling FEECO rotary dryers and coolers are engineered around the unique specifications of the coke source at hand for a reliable, efficient processing solution. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your coke handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with equipment to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center uses a variety of batch and pilot-scale equipment to test the pelletizing, mixing, agglomeration, and drying of coke. Testing allows process engineers to evaluate the best process approach, while gathering data necessary for scale-up. We offer comprehensive testing services in four categories: Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch testing phase in which more time is spent determining whether a product can be made to desired specifications. Proof of Process: A continuous testing phase that aims to establish the equipment setup and parameters required... --- ### Silica Processing Equipment > Heavy-duty equipment for pelletizing, drying, thermally processing, and handling silica products - Process development services available - Published: 2019-11-14 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/silica-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment and process development for silica in its many forms EQUIPMENT Silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2), is a critical material in many applications, from glass and ceramics to cement and abrasives. But the very characteristics that make silica such an industrial success story also make it challenging to process if quality equipment is not selected. The hard, abrasive nature of silica demands heavy-duty equipment designed with these characteristics in mind. With extensive experience around many forms of silica, FEECO engineers and manufactures the industry’s most rugged, long-lasting equipment. Our custom silica processing equipment is backed by the comprehensive testing capabilities of our Innovation Center, where we can test the processing of silica at batch and pilot scale. We have experience working with the following forms and types of silica: Silica Silica flour Silica fume Fused silica dust Silica gel powder MATERIAL PROCESSING Rotary Dryers FEECO rotary dryers are the preferred choice for silica drying, offering a robust build, high capacity, and long-term reliability. Pelletizing Equipment In addition to our dryers, FEECO can supply custom agglomeration/pelletizing equipment for processing silica and its many derivatives. This includes: Pin Mixers Pugmill Mixers Disc Pelletizers Drum Agglomerators BULK MATERIAL HANDLING We offer a complete line of bulk material handling equipment both as stand-alone systems, as well as a complement to our processing equipment. Belt conveyors, bucket elevators, steep incline conveyors, and reversing shuttle conveyors, can all be used to bring seamless fluidity and automation to your silica operation. Additional equipment such as trippers and plows and belt feeders are available for increasing system flexibility. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN Available in many... --- ### Dust Suppression > Transform dusty materials into easy-to-handle, dust-free products with FEECO's custom agglomeration solutions for effective dust suppression. - Published: 2019-11-13 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/dust-suppression/ - Authors: core Custom agglomeration solutions for de-dusting powders and fines DUST SUPPRESSION WHAT IS DUST SUPPRESSION? Dust suppression, sometimes also called de-dusting, is a means of converting a dusty material into one that is nearly dust-free. Dust suppression is widely used in the handling and processing of bulk solids, as it provides a diverse range of benefits, many of which directly impact the bottom line: Product loss prevention Combustion prevention Avoidance of respiratory hazards Promotion of a safe, clean working environment Improved handling and feeding qualities Improved transportation and storage qualities Reduced or mitigated risk of windblown material liabilities MATERIALS THAT COMMONLY REQUIRE DUST SUPPRESSION Any material in the form of a powder or fines that presents dust issues will benefit from dust suppression. Bulk solids that are commonly treated in an effort to suppress dust include: Chemicals Minerals (gypsum, limestone, etc. ) Soil Amendments Fertilizers Industrial by-products (fly ash, FGD gypsum, etc. ) Ores Dust collector fines De-dusted paint pigment produced in a FEECO Pin Mixer THE DUST SUPPRESSION PROCESS Dust suppression can be carried out in several ways. In most cases, the most effective method involves an industrial mixer such as a pin mixer or pugmill mixer. Depending on how the process is carried out, it may also be referred to as dust wetting, conditioning, pelletizing, or micro pelletizing. Dust suppression with a mixer involves combining the dusty material with a liquid binder; the powdered material and liquid binder are thoroughly mixed into a homogeneous mixture, effectively de-dusting the material. If desired, the mixture can be processed at... --- ### Bedding Dryers > Reduce moisture, pathogens, and bacterial content to produce a premium livestock bedding with minimal dust using FEECO Bedding Dryers - Published: 2019-11-11 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/bedding-dryers/ - Authors: core Custom bedding dryers for a range of livestock and animal bedding applications Bedding is a key component in fostering comfortable, healthy animals in the animal husbandry industry. Whether working with manure bedding, sand, or otherwise, ensuring a clean source of bedding by managing moisture levels is essential to optimizing animal well being and production. FEECO is the leading provider of the industry’s most robust bedding dryer systems. Our bedding dryers are engineered to significantly reduce moisture, pathogen, and bacterial content without over drying, so dust is avoided. Bedding Dryer Operation Drying can be carried out using either a rotary dryer or fluidized bed dryer, with each drying system offering its own advantages. In both cases, drying temperature is carefully controlled with sensors to manage moisture levels of inlet and outlet material for consistent bedding quality.   Rotary Dryer Operation In a rotary dryer setup, moisture-laden bedding is fed into a rotating drum, through which heat is passed. As a direct dryer configuration, the material being processed and the heat are in direct contact with each other, providing efficient heat transfer. Advancing flights, along with a slight slope, help to convey material away from the inlet, at which point lifting flights (material lifters), pick up the material, carry it over, and drop it through the air stream as the drum rotates. This cascading of material, known as a curtain, maximizes heat transfer efficiency between the material and combustion gases. One of the benefits of utilizing rotary dryer technology is the dryer’s tolerance for feedstock variation – a common issue when working with bedding... --- ### Rotary Kiln Incinerators > Continuously process multiple waste streams simultaneously with a FEECO Rotary Kiln Incinerator - Process development services available - Published: 2019-11-07 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-incinerators/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kiln incinerators for thermally treating waste streams ranging from medical waste to industrial wastes Minimize Waste With a Rotary Kiln Incinerator Rotary kiln incineration is a thermal treatment that serves as a valuable tool in waste management efforts, particularly when it comes to hazardous wastes, helping to mitigate environmental risks associated with disposal, while also significantly reducing the volume of wastes. WASTE INCINERATION AT ITS BEST Rotary kilns have become increasingly favored for carrying out industrial and hazardous waste incineration in recent years because they are so versatile. These diverse machines are able to accept a wide range of materials and are capable of treating solids, liquids, and sludges simultaneously, negating the need for separate systems to handle different waste types - a major advantage for waste handlers.   Rotary kiln incinerators also offer the much-needed high-capacity capabilities required by the growing waste industry, with the potential to treat up to 15,000 lb/hr (or more) around the clock. Rotary kiln incineration systems are frequently used to treat: Ammunitions Medical wastes Industrial wastes Chemical wastes (solvents, paints, etc. ) Fumes & volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Hazardous wastes (toxic liquids, oil-contaminated waste, etc. ) Petrochemicals Pharmaceutical wastes Solid wastes and sludges THE ROTARY KILN INCINERATION PROCESS A rotary kiln incinerator is a type of industrial furnace consisting of a horizontal, rotating cylinder through which waste materials are passed. The waste feed is heated using either combustion gas (direct-fired configuration), or external heating (indirect-fired configuration) to a predetermined temperature and processed at a predetermined rotation speed. Most rotary kiln incinerators are of the direct-fired type, meaning the... --- ### Metal Recovery > Recover metals from e-wastes, batteries, and industrial by-products with FEECO Rotary Kilns - Process development services available - Published: 2019-10-11 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/metal-recovery/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns and process development services for recovering metal from industrial waste streams, e-waste, tailings, and more. As demand for metals continues to grow, recovering these valuable components from wastes and process byproducts (a process often referred to as urban mining) has become a central focus of meeting future demand and promoting a circular economy. Thermal processing techniques to recover metals for reuse have become an essential tool in advancing metal recovery efforts. A pioneer in advanced thermal processing techniques, FEECO is supporting this movement through custom equipment and comprehensive process development services. MATERIALS COMMONLY TREATED FOR METAL RECOVERY The diverse nature of thermal processing makes it applicable to a wide range of materials and metals from a plethora of materials. Thermal processing can be used to recover metals from: E-waste Spent batteries Industrial by-products Circuit boards Recycled scrap Tailings Spent catalysts THE METAL RECOVERY PROCESS Given the diverse range of potential feedstock, the process of recovering metals via thermal processing can vary. In general, controlled temperature profiles and retention times are used to cause a chemical reaction or phase change in the material that will make the target metal more accessible for extraction. CUSTOM METAL RECOVERY KILNS Rotary kilns are the preferred device in metal recovery efforts, for their flexibility, robust build, and high capacity. FEECO rotary kilns are incredibly customizable and can be configured in a variety of ways to suit the characteristics of the feedstock and target metal(s). Both direct-fired and indirect-fired kilns are available. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every... --- ### Customer Service Engineer - Published: 2019-09-23 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/customer-service-engineer-2/ - Authors: core Customer Service Engineer FEECO International Inc. is currently seeking a motivated, team oriented individual to join our Customer Service department. The right individual will primarily be responsible for sales of parts to FEECO’s past, existing, and potential customers. This position requires understanding the customer needs and the ability to identify the solution to best meet those needs. This position will also provide support to the Field Service Engineers which will include customer service, troubleshooting, over the phone diagnostics, as well as general questions. Excellent communication and problem solving skills are essential for this position. Principle Duties and Responsibilities: Take incoming calls from customers requesting replacement parts. Consults with them to ensure their needs will be met. Prepares critical (spare) parts list for new projects being shipped from FEECO. Contacts customers in a systematic fashion to ensure risk to customer is clearly understood and managed effectively. Processes parts orders going through FEECO to ensure customer specifications are met and expectations are exceeded. Works with purchasing personnel to ensure all pricing and buying is conducted efficiently by purchasing personnel to the fullest extent. Coordinates resource needs with Manufacturing and Drafting personnel as required Proactively contacts (via phone and/or in-person) past, existing and potential customers in an effort to develop relationships and sales leads. Suggests ideas and participates in research and development projects in connection with new parts offerings or parts redesign. This includes the capturing of feedback from customers on improvements. Works closely with the Sales Department and Customer Service Engineers to... --- ### Project Manager - Published: 2019-09-23 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/project-manager-3/ - Authors: core Project Manager FEECO International Inc. is currently looking for a motivated, experienced and organized Project Manager to join our Project Management team. The Project Manager is responsible for the flow of custom OEM orders from the kickoff meeting through shipment. The Project Manager will possess exceptional planning and analytical skills, strong communication and problem solving skills, as well as the ability to prioritize and manage the project to meet or exceed the customer’s expectations. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Project Management Complete oversight of orders from the Kickoff Meeting through shipping. Moderate progress and status of assigned projects. Maintain working knowledge of order progress, including financial, schedule, and customer-relation status. Work with the Sr. Project Manager regarding the status of individual order review, exceptions review, customer issues, schedule issues, and the resolution of conflicts in those areas. Work with Project Team (Project Engineer, Lead Designer, Detailer(s), and Salesperson) to coordinate engineering, design, drafting, and resolve order related issues. Occasional travel may be required to customer’s job sites or place of business providing expertise, overseeing an installation, start-up, or general operation of product. Engineering Provide Engineering support and /or coordination with the field of his/her Engineering discipline as needed. (Analysis, drawing/schematics, component specifications, start up support, subcontractor oversight, etc. ) Sales Support (Technical) Actively work with Sales Department during the quoting stage to provide technical assistance in his/her area of expertise (Mechanical, Electrical, Civil/Structural, or Chemical Engineering). Qualifications: Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical, Electrical, Structural, or Chemical Engineering; equivalent education and... --- ### Spent Carbon Reactivation > Optimize your carbon regeneration process with FEECO's advanced rotary kilns for spent activated carbon reactivation - Published: 2019-09-06 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/spent-carbon-reactivation/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns for reactivating spent carbon Spent Carbon Reactivation Sometimes also called regeneration, reactivation is a thermal desorption process that volatilizes and removes the desorbed components from spent activated carbon, allowing it to be reused. THE REACTIVATION PROCESS The reactivation process may differ across feedstocks, but in general, is similar to the activated carbon production process, which consists of three phases: DRYING If necessary, spent activated carbon is first dried. This can be carried out in a rotary dryer. DEVOLATILIZATION/CARBONIZATION A rotary kiln brings the material to temperatures between 650º to 1,000º F, volatilizing 75-90% of the desorbed components. ACTIVATION At temperatures between 1,750º F and 1,850º F, steam is injected into the system to remove any remaining volatile components, yielding reactivated carbon. While reactivation produces a fresh source of activated carbon, carbon losses of 5-10% are common during reactivation, requiring the addition of some virgin activated carbon to make up for the loss. CUSTOM REACTIVATION KILNS As a leader in advanced thermal processing, FEECO offers the industry’s best reactivation kilns. Like activated carbon production, the reactivation kiln must be engineered around the unique material characteristics to achieve optimal processing. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every aspect of reactivation, from concept to optimization. In addition to custom equipment design and manufacturing, our services include: BATCH/FEASIBILITY AND PILOT-SCALE TESTING The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units,... --- ### Carbon Activation > Rotary kilns and process development services for commercial-scale production and reactivation of activated carbon - Published: 2019-09-06 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/carbon-activation/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns and process development services for the production and reactivation of activated carbon. Carbon Activation The activation of carbon transforms a material with limited uses into a highly effective adsorbent used in an increasing number of applications: activated carbon. Activated carbon is used in both gaseous and liquid filtration applications to remove contaminants or other undesirable components, making it an essential tool in sustainability efforts. THE ACTIVATION PROCESS Produced from a wide range of feedstocks, activated carbon is made through a series of steps carried out using one or more rotary kilns. Most commonly, activated carbon is produced from coal, coconut shells, or dried biomass. The activation process causes the material to become extremely porous, yielding a high surface area that makes it especially effective as an adsorbent. As a leader in advanced thermal processing, FEECO can assist in every step of processing raw biomass into activated carbon: DRYING Before it can be fed into the rotary kiln, raw feedstock must first be dried. This can be carried out in a rotary dryer – an industrial drying system known for its high capacity and tolerance to variation in feedstock. DEVOLATILIZATION/CARBONIZATION The dried material is processed in a rotary kiln to achieve devolatilization/carbonization. This step occurs at temperatures between 650º to 1,000º F, and serves to remove the majority of the volatiles contained in the material. ACTIVATION Activation occurs at temperatures between 1,750º F and 1,850º F, with the required temperature profile and retention time depending on the starting material and the desired quality of the end product. At 1,750º F, steam is injected into the system... --- ### Spodumene Decrepitation > Rotary kilns engineered for spodumene decrepitation during calcination in the lithium production process - Published: 2019-09-06 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/decrepitation/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns for processing spodumene ore in the lithium extraction process Lithium-bearing spodumene ore is becoming an increasingly valuable resource in the electric vehicle and energy storage markets. As spodumene naturally occurs in alpha form (α-form), it must be processed into beta form (β-form) in order to be amenable to lithium extraction. This conversion is known as decrepitation. THE DECREPITATION PROCESS Decrepitation of spodumene ore is an essential shattering of the ore’s crystal structure. This shattering is brought on through calcination, a high-temperature thermal treatment carried out in a rotary kiln. Calcination causes decrepitation at temperatures between 1,075 and 1,100º C. During this time, temperature control is essential to avoid undesirable formations that occur at slightly higher temperatures. CUSTOM DECREPITATION KILNS Rotary kilns are diverse thermal processing devices that can be configured in numerous ways to suit the needs of a given application. In decrepitation, the rotary kiln is typically of the direct-fired configuration, meaning the material and products of combustion are in direct contact. FEECO rotary kilns are custom engineered and fabricated around the unique characteristics of the feedstock to yield an optimal processing solution. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every aspect of the decrepitation process, from concept to optimization. In addition to custom equipment design and manufacturing, our services include: BATCH/FEASIBILITY AND PILOT-SCALE TESTING The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as... --- ### Spodumene Acid Roasting > Custom indirect rotary kilns for the calcination of spodumene in the acid roasting process of lithium production, backed by process development services - Published: 2019-09-06 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/spodumene-acid-roasting/ - Authors: core Custom Rotary Kilns | Process Development | Service Support Acid roasting of spodumene occurs after the ore has been through decrepitation, or the conversion from alpha to beta form. Spodumene concentrate is mixed with sulfuric acid and roasted as part of the conversion to lithium compounds. THE ACID ROASTING PROCESS Acid roasting is carried out through calcination in a rotary kiln at temperatures around 250º C. This calcination step allows lithium to be extracted as water-soluble lithium sulfate. CUSTOM ACID ROASTING KILNS Rotary kilns used in the acid roasting process are of the indirect-fired configuration, because beta-phase spodumene cannot come into contact with the products of combustion as it would in a direct-fired kiln. FEECO designs and fabricates the industry’s best custom indirect-fired kilns for use in the acid roasting process. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every aspect of the acid roasting process, from concept to optimization. In addition to custom equipment design and manufacturing, our services include: BATCH/FEASIBILITY AND PILOT-SCALE TESTING The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. This makes a thorough batch and pilot testing program essential to achieving the highest quality activated carbon possible. Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch testing phase in which more time is spent... --- ### Continuous Mixers > Continuous mixers expertly combine solid and liquid feed components into a homogeneous mixture - Published: 2019-08-26 - Modified: 2025-01-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/continuous-mixers/ - Authors: core Continuous mixers for improved process performance and mixture uniformity FEECO continuous mixers offer an ideal solution for homogeneously mixing and blending solid and liquid feed components into uniform bulk solids mixtures according to the unique specifications of the process industries.   Our mixing technology is used throughout a wide range of settings to mix, condition, de-dust, and even agglomerate powders and sludges for improved density, flowability, transportation, handling, and application. Our continuous mixers also serve as an engineered alternative to ribbon mixers and mixing screws, offering significantly improved blending of solid and liquid components. Why Choose A Continuous Mixer? Continuous mixing offers a number of advantages, making it a highly effective approach, particularly in operations requiring a high throughput and short residence time. Advantages include: Greater Product Uniformity In a continuous mixing process, material is continuously fed and discharged, so the entire production run is carried out in continuity. This leads to improved product uniformity due to the elimination of the "head" and "tail" sections associated with batch-to-batch variation.   Smaller Equipment Footprint Because material is continuously moving through the unit, a continuous mixer does not need to accommodate the space requirements of an entire batch of material at once, so the mixer can be smaller. Material storage requirements are also typically less for continuous operations.   Increased Production Capacity The continuous processing of material without the necessary stops associated with batches reduces the overall time required to reach production goals, allowing more product to be produced in the same amount of time. Similarly, producers who switch to a... --- ### Rotary Dryer Testing > Rotary dryer testing & process development for establishing process criteria and equipment configuration based on material characteristics and process goals - Published: 2019-08-09 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-testing/ - Authors: core Bulk solids dryer testing backed by decades of expertise Rotary Dryer Testing With expertise dating back to 1951, the FEECO Innovation Center has the knowledge and equipment necessary to support your bulk solids drying test needs. Whether testing the drying process as a preconditioning step in a larger process, looking to optimize an existing process, or designing a new one, the Innovation Center offers a number of options to suit your objectives. Dryer testing is typically conducted in two stages: Proof of Process: A continuous testing phase that aims to establish the equipment setup and parameters required for continuous production of your specific material. Process/Product Optimization: An in-depth study to optimize your specific material’s characteristics and/or production parameters in an industrial setting. The data gathered during testing is then used to scale up the process and engineer a custom rotary dryer. Note: In addition to rotary dryer testing, the Innovation Center also has a fluid bed dryer available for testing. COMMONLY TESTED MATERIALS The FEECO Innovation Center has extensive experience in testing a wide range of materials. Materials that are frequently tested in the Innovation Center include: Fertilizers (NPK, MAP, DAP, and more) Minerals and ores (limestone, gypsum, potash, etc. ) Chemical products (pigments and dyes, detergents, etc. ) Organics (Bagasse, manure, chicken litter, etc. ) Industrial by-products and wastes (EAF dust, fly ash, FGD gypsum, etc. ) PROCESS & PARTICLE ENGINEERING Various material characteristics and process parameters can be targeted to yield a process that performs efficiently and produces the desired product results. Parameters that can be targeted and adjusted... --- ### Rotary Kiln Testing > Batch- and pilot-scale rotary kilns for testing high-temperature bulk solids processing applications such as calcination and catalyst activation. - Published: 2019-08-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-testing/ - Authors: core Batch- and pilot-scale test kilns for all of your thermal processing needs The FEECO Innovation Center offers a variety of thermal testing capabilities for high-temperature applications, with several continuous direct-fired and indirect-fired pilot kilns, as well as batch-scale direct-fired and indirect-fired kilns available. Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch testing phase in which more time is spent determining whether a product can be made to desired specifications. Proof of Process: A continuous testing phase that aims to establish the equipment setup and parameters required for continuous production of your specific material. Process/Product Optimization: An in-depth study to optimize your specific material’s characteristics and/or production parameters in an industrial setting. Data gathered during testing is then used to scale up the process and engineer custom equipment to meet the processing goals. COMMONLY TESTED MATERIALS The FEECO Innovation Center has extensive experience in testing a wide range of materials. Materials that are frequently tested in the Innovation Center include: Industrial by-products and wastes Technical ceramics Minerals and ores Carbon products Chemical products THERMAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS Using our various test kilns, we can run trials for a variety of thermal processes, including: Calcination Carbon Activation Catalyst Production Metal Recovery Organic Combustion Reduction Thermal Desorption Upgrading of Ores RESOURCES ROTARY KILN TESTING ARTICLES Continue Reading → View All > BROCHURES --- ### Granulation and Agglomeration Testing > Batch- and pilot-scale testing for wet granulation (agitation agglomeration) processes around a wide range of materials - Published: 2019-08-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/granulation-and-agglomeration-testing/ - Authors: core Batch- and pilot-scale testing for all of your agglomeration needs The FEECO Innovation Center is the leading facility for batch- and pilot-scale testing of agitation agglomeration/wet granulation methods. The facility is capable of running small batch/feasibility tests on a single piece of equipment, or a continuous process loop integrating multiple pieces of equipment for processes such as: Conditioning/De-dusting (Pugmill mixer, pin mixer, rotary drum) Micro pelletizing (Pin mixer, disc pelletizer) Pelletizing/Granulation (Disc, drum) Mixing (Pugmill mixer, pin mixer, rotary drum) Coating (Rotary drum) Through our batch-testing capabilities and pilot plant, we can offer comprehensive testing services in four categories: Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch testing phase in which more time is spent determining whether a product can be made to desired specifications. Proof of Process: A continuous testing phase that aims to establish the equipment setup and parameters required for continuous production of your specific material. Process/Product Optimization: An in-depth study to optimize your specific material’s characteristics and/or production parameters in an industrial setting. Data gathered during testing is then used to scale up the process and engineer the equipment needed to carry it out at commercial scale. Questions Agglomeration Testing Can Answer Testing agglomeration or granulation methods in the FEECO Innovation Center can answer a number of questions:  Will my material agglomerate? Can agglomeration solve my material problem? Which method of agglomeration will best suit my material? What equipment configuration will be required to produce the results I’m looking for? What binder,... --- ### Conditioning Drums > The industry's most reliable conditioning drums, engineered according to process and material goals - process development services available - Published: 2019-07-24 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/conditioning-drums/ - Authors: core Heavy-duty rotary drums for conditioning a wide variety of materials CONDITIONING DRUMS As the leading provider of rotary drums, FEECO is the industry’s choice for conditioning drums. All conditioning drums are designed around the specific material characteristics and process goals. Conditioning drums are used throughout a number of industries to de-dust and/or polish materials, combine liquid additives with a solid feedstock, and improve material handling characteristics. They are also the device of choice for reagentizing potash in the froth flotation process. These robust drums work by tumbling material in a rotating drum, mixing both liquid and solid feed components, knocking off granule edges, and applying coating or de-dusting agents and more. FEATURES Size: Drum Diameters from 36″ – 15′ (1 – 4. 6m) Capacity: 500 lb/hr – 3500+ TPH Efficient Bed Turning/Flight Designs Robust design and construction, according to the highest quality specifications Various material options Various liner options Various Drive Assemblies Available Our custom designs can also easily accommodate the addition of other equipment and accessories such as discharge trommel screens, spray bars, and more. FEECO’s discharge breeching design allows for easy control over dust and emissions to avoid contamination of the surrounding area. Optional Components Spray Systems Various Internal Options Various Liner Options Machined Bases Screw Conveyor Feeder Automatic Gear Lubrication System Variable Speed Variable Slope Unitized Drive Base All FEECO conditioning drums utilize our unitized drive base. The drive system is mounted on an adjustable, one piece drive base, which is bolted down to a sole plate resting on custom leveled mounting pads. Adjustment screws are included to easily adjust the... --- ### Drive Components for Rotary Drums > Replacement drive assembly components for rotary drums, including pinion gears, sprockets, reducers, couplings, drive motors, chains, VFDs, and more - Published: 2019-07-16 - Modified: 2023-10-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/drive-components-for-rotary-drums/ - Authors: core Quality drive components for optimal performance --- ### Breechings for Rotary Drums > Custom rotary drum inlet and discharge breechings for reliable and efficient processing in rotary dryers, coolers, kilns, and granulators - Published: 2019-07-16 - Modified: 2023-09-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/breechings-for-rotary-drums/ - Authors: core Custom inlet and discharge breechings of the highest quality --- ### Trunnion Bearings > Maintain efficient operation and mechanical longevity of your rotary drum with our trunnion bearing assemblies, built for heavy-duty applications - Published: 2019-07-16 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/trunnion-bearings/ - Authors: core High-quality bearings for rotary dryers, kilns, coolers, and more --- ### Agglomerators > The industry's most reliable rotary drum agglomerators, for use in granulation, coating, mixing, and conditioning applications in nearly every industry - Published: 2019-07-12 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/agglomerators/ - Authors: core FEECO Agglomerators are relied on around the world for their robust build, high capacity processing, and opportunity for customization. AgglomeratorS All FEECO Agglomerators are designed according to the needs of your unique process goals and the characteristics of the material to be processed. Agglomerators are an ideal solution for high-capacity agglomeration operations, or when agglomeration needs to be combined with a chemical reaction, such as in the production of granular fertilizers. Agglomerators work by tumbling material in a rotating drum in the presence of a binding agent. The binding agent causes the fines to become tacky and allows them to pick up additional fines, forming agglomerates in a process referred to as coalescence. The tumbling action helps to round the agglomerates and create a homogenous mixture. FEATURES Size: Drum Diameters from 36″ – 15′ (1 – 4. 6m) Capacity: 500 lb/hr – 3500+ TPH Efficient Bed Turning/Flight Designs Robust design and construction, according to the highest quality specifications Various material options Various liner options Various Drive Assemblies Available Our custom designs can also easily accommodate the addition of other equipment and accessories such as discharge trommel screens, spray bars, and spargers. If you need to control emissions or dusting, FEECO’s discharge breeching design makes capturing these materials easy, so you don’t have to worry about contamination of the surrounding area. Optional Components Spray Systems Various Liner Options Machined Bases Screw Conveyor Feeder Automatic Gear Lubrication System Variable Speed Variable Slope Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Unitized Drive Base All FEECO Agglomerators utilize our unitized drive base. The drive system is mounted on an adjustable, one piece drive base, which is bolted down... --- ### EAF Dust Processing Equipment > Optimize EAF dust recycling with FEECO's custom pelletizing and material handling equipment for efficient metal recovery. - Published: 2019-07-09 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/eaf-dust-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Processing and handling solutions for maximizing the value of EAF dust As more steel producers switch to electric arc furnaces, recovering the value left over in EAF dust via the roasting process will become increasingly important and offers a profitable alternative to disposal. Pelletizing EAF dust allows the material to be effectively roasted for metal recovery with improved heat transfer efficiency while mitigating the risk of entrainment. FEECO provides a variety of equipment for processing and handling EAF dust. MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing & Conditioning Our continuous pin mixers and pugmill mixers provide effective conditioning for pelletizing pre-treatment, though they are not recommended when CaO content is high, or excessively large pieces of refractory are present. Our disc pelletizers are the industry standard for producing a uniform, spherical granular product for achieving maximum process efficiency in the kiln. Industrial Cooling FEECO can provide custom rotary coolers in either the direct or indirect configuration for cooling EAF dust. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your EAF dust handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. Process Testing and Design Testing is often a critical component in the success of EAF pelletizing. The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to work out process variables and design commercial-scale... --- ### Replacement Burners > Improve process efficiency and meet regulatory requirements with replacement burners for rotary dryers and kilns - Published: 2019-07-03 - Modified: 2023-10-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/replacement-burners/ - Authors: core For efficiency and reliability in rotary kilns and dryers --- ### Combustion Chambers > Rotary dryer and kiln combustion chambers engineered to promote product quality and process efficiency - Published: 2019-06-25 - Modified: 2023-10-20 - URL: https://feeco.com/combustion-chambers/ - Authors: core Engineered combustion chambers for improved thermal processing --- ### Replacement Flights > Engineered replacement flights (material lifters) for maximizing heat transfer in rotary dryers and coolers - various designs and materials available - Published: 2019-06-21 - Modified: 2023-11-15 - URL: https://feeco.com/replacement-flights/ - Authors: core Custom-designed flights to optimize heat transfer efficiency --- ### Replacement Rotary Drum Shells > Custom rotary drum shells fabricated to your specific process & material goals. Various designs, materials, and shell thicknesses available - Published: 2019-06-21 - Modified: 2023-10-19 - URL: https://feeco.com/replacement-rotary-drum-shells/ - Authors: core Engineered, premium replacement drum shells for rotary dryers, coolers, kilns, and more --- ### Thermal Desorption > Drive off volatile components from inorganic minerals and cause separation without combustion in FEECO Rotary Kilns - process development services available - Published: 2019-06-17 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/thermal-desorption/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns and process development services for carrying out a range of thermal desorption objectives THE THERMAL DESORPTION PROCESS Thermal desorption utilizes heat to cause separation without combustion. It is widely used to drive off volatile components from inorganic minerals. Thermal desorption is a frequent approach to treating contaminated organics in environmental remediation efforts. It is most widely used in treating sludges and sediments. CUSTOM THERMAL DESORPTION KILNS Rotary kilns used to carry out the thermal desorption process may be referred to as desorbers. Depending on the material being processed, the rotary kiln may be of the direct-fired or indirect-fired configuration. FEECO rotary kilns are custom engineered around the parameters of the specific application for optimal processing. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every aspect of the thermal desorption process, from concept to optimization. In addition to custom equipment design and manufacturing, our services include: BATCH/FEASIBILITY AND PILOT-SCALE TESTING The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. While the needs of every project are unique, testing generally follows the stages below: Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A more in-depth batch testing phase in which more time is spent determining whether a product can be made to desired specifications. Proof of Process: A continuous testing phase that aims to establish the... --- ### Organic Combustion > Reduce material volume and mass through organic combustion in an engineered FEECO Rotary Kiln - process development services available - Published: 2019-06-17 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/organic-combustion/ - Authors: core Custom rotary kilns and process development services for organic combustion applications Organic combustion is a thermal processing technique used to reduce organic wastes down to an ash of significantly lower volume and mass. This process may also be referred to as incineration. MATERIALS COMMONLY TREATED VIA ORGANIC COMBUSTION Organic combustion can be used to treat a variety of wastes for beneficial reuse applications, or for reduced transport costs when depositing into landfill. It is often used with: Industrial hazardous wastes Wood and wood by-products Biosolids Manure Agricultural residues Food waste THE ORGANIC COMBUSTION PROCESS Organic combustion breaks down organics in an excess air combustion environment, leaving behind ash and producing heat that can be utilized elsewhere. CUSTOM ORGANIC COMBUSTION KILNS Organic combustion is frequently carried out in a rotary kiln. Since in most cases, materials will be deposited into a landfill, product quality is not a concern and direct contact between the material being processed and the burner flame is acceptable. Therefore, a direct-fired kiln without a combustion chamber is the most typical kiln configuration utilized in this setting. Rotary kilns for organic combustion must be expertly designed to not only carry out the reaction, but also to accommodate the heat generated during the reaction. Since the remaining material is of no value, focus centers around maximizing system efficiency to minimize operating costs. SERVICES As a leader in advanced thermal processing methods and equipment, FEECO is able to offer comprehensive support for every aspect of the organic combustion process, from concept to optimization. In addition to custom equipment design and manufacturing, our... --- ### Coating > Mitigate dust, prevent caking, and improve flowability of bulk solids through coating | Coating Drums & Process Development Services - Published: 2019-05-02 - Modified: 2023-09-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/coating/ - Authors: core Custom coating drums and process development for coating granular products WHAT IS COATING? Coating is a surface treatment frequently used to control various agglomerate properties in engineered products. It is an excellent solution for mitigating dust issues, preventing caking or moisture adsorption, improving flowability, and enhancing performance and even appearance. COMMONLY COATED MATERIALS With so many potential benefits, coating can be used to improve just about any material. It is widely used throughout the fertilizer and soil amendment industries to control release properties and maintain product integrity throughout its lifecycle. Commonly coated materials include: Specialty chemicals Fertilizers (Urea, DAP/MAP, NPK) Soil amendments Aggregates Roofing granules THE COATING PROCESS The coating process is often carried out in a coating drum. Material feedstock is continuously fed into the coating drum. As the drum rotates, the coating is sprayed onto the tumbling bed of material. The tumbling action (sometimes with the help of added tumbling flights) evenly distributes the coating throughout the bed to produce a uniform coating. Since coatings are typically a thin layer, they do not require an added drying step. Urea before (left) and after (right) coating CURING In some cases, the coating may benefit from a curing step. CUSTOM COATING EQUIPMENT FEECO coating drums are available in a variety of configurations with many potential customizations, including optimized spray systems. Coating drums typically range in size from 36” to 15’ in diameter (1 – 4. 6m) and can handle capacities between 500 lb/hr – 50 TPH. In some cases, a pugmill mixer, a medium-shear horizontal mixer, may also be used to apply... --- ### Bulk Solids Conditioning > Optimize the handling, storage, transportation, and application qualities of bulk solids with custom conditioning equipment. - Published: 2019-04-30 - Modified: 2025-01-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/conditioning/ - Authors: core Custom equipment and process development services for conditioning bulk solids WHAT IS CONDITIONING? Conditioning refers to the process of treating a bulk solid material in a way that improves its handling properties for storage, transport, application, or deposit into landfill. This may be to stabilize mixtures during handling, reduce transport costs, decrease volume, or eliminate dust. Typically, this involves reducing or increasing the moisture content of a material by mixing it with either a liquid binder, or a material with a moisture content that can be used to balance out the overall moisture content of the mixture. The term conditioning is also used to refer to the process of reagentizing potash in a conditioning drum for improved froth flotation. COMMONLY CONDITIONED MATERIALS Unlike pelletizing or micropelletizing, conditioning a material does not always involve meeting specific particle properties, so long as the overall handling quality is met. Materials that are commonly conditioned include: Fly ash FGD sludge Cement Lime kiln dust Foundry dust Friction material waste Iron oxide Phosphate rock Potash Fertilizers Soil Amendments And more... Conditioned ore dust CUSTOM CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT Left: 3D Model of a FEECO Pugmill for ConditioningRight: 3D Model of a FEECO Conditioning Drum Both pugmill mixers and conditioning drums offer an ideal solution for mixing solid and liquid feeds into a homogeneous mixture. Both options are highly customizable, with various optional add-ons available. THE CONDITIONING PROCESS The conditioning process varies depending on the material being processed and the unique project goals. CONDITIONING WITH A PUGMILL MIXER Material feedstock is fed into the pugmill. If another material is being used to balance out the moisture... --- ### Micro Pelletizing > Micro pelletizing converts powdered bulk solids into a granular product, typically in the size range of 20-60 mesh, offering numerous benefits. - Published: 2019-04-29 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/micropelletizing/ - Authors: core Agglomeration equipment and process development services for micro pelletizing everything from pigments to fertilizers WHAT IS MICRO PELLETIZING? Micro pelletizing is a particle size enlargement (agglomeration) technique used to transform bulk solids into small agglomerates, typically ranging in size from 20-60 mesh, thereby improving handling and application characteristics and reducing dust. COMMONLY MICRO PELLETIZED MATERIALS Micro pelletizing can benefit any material that presents handling challenges as a result of its powdered or fine texture. Materials that are frequently processed via micro pelletizing include: Chemicals and Process Additives Minerals (gypsum, limestone, etc. ) Soil Amendments Fertilizers Industrial by-products (fly ash, FGD gypsum, etc. ) THE MICRO PELLETIZING PROCESS The micro pelletizing process may vary depending on the unique process and material goals. In general, however, a pin mixer is used to form the agglomerates, which are then dried and screened, as shown in the process flow diagram below. Typical micro pelletizing process flow diagram CUSTOM MICRO PELLETIZING EQUIPMENT The pin mixer is an industrial mixer highly adept at processing ultra-fine materials in the presence of a liquid binder, producing homogeneous, dense agglomerates. The pin mixer is highly customizable and can also be used as a preconditioning step in a larger agglomeration process. FEECO pin mixers are engineered and built around the precise application requirements to yield an optimal processing solution.  More information on pin mixers >> While pin mixers are the primary device of choice for micro pelletizing, on occasion, other equipment may be added to the process, or may replace the pin mixer. This might include: Rotary drums (aka, granulation or agglomeration drum) Disc Pelletizers... --- ### Pelletizing > Pelletizing is a wet granulation (agitation agglomeration) technique used to convert powders and fines into granular products - Published: 2019-04-29 - Modified: 2025-01-17 - URL: https://feeco.com/pelletizing/ - Authors: core The best in pelletizing (agitation agglomeration) equipment and process development services WHAT IS PELLETIZING? Pelletizing is a particle size enlargement (agglomeration) technique frequently used to transform the handling and performance characteristics of bulk solids. Pelletizing can be used to eliminate dust, control active ingredient release properties, improve application, and more. Note: While the term “pelletizing” is frequently used to describe all manner of agglomeration techniques, in this case it is used to describe pellets/granules that were made using tumble-growth/agitation agglomeration (wet granulation) only, and does not include those produced via extrusion or compaction. COMMONLY PELLETIZED MATERIALS Pelletizing can benefit any material that presents handling and application or performance challenges as a result of non-uniform particle size distribution or dust generation. Pelletizer plants are commonly built to process: Chemicals Minerals (gypsum, limestone, etc. ) Soil Amendments Fertilizers Industrial by-products (fly ash, FGD gypsum, etc. ) Ores Limestone before and after pelletizing THE PELLETIZING PROCESS The pelletizing process can vary significantly depending on the unique process and material goals. A common pelletizer plant setup involves the use of a pin mixer to precondition material and form seed pellets, which are then fed to a disc pelletizer for growth and refinement, followed by a dryer for reducing the moisture content of the final product. This is illustrated in the process flow diagram below. ypical pelletizing process flow diagram (Click to view larger) CUSTOM PELLETIZING EQUIPMENT Equipment commonly used in the pelletizing process includes: Disc Pelletizers Pug Mills Drum Granulators Pin Mixers All FEECO equipment is engineered and manufactured around the unique characteristics of the... --- ### Thrust Rollers > Ensure your rotary drum's stability with FEECO's durable thrust rollers, preventing unwanted axial movement. - Published: 2019-04-26 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/thrust-rollers/ - Authors: core High-quality thrust rollers for rotary drum support --- ### Trunnion Wheels > High-quality replacement trunnion wheels (rollers) in 4140 or 4340 steel in face widths up to 36" - Published: 2019-04-26 - Modified: 2023-09-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/trunnion-wheels/ - Authors: core Robust trunnion wheels for optimal rotary drum support --- ### Rotary Drum Tires > High-quality rotary drum tires (riding rings) for rotary dryers, coolers, kilns and granulators, available in a variety of materials and sizes - Published: 2019-04-26 - Modified: 2023-09-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-tires/ - Authors: core Heavy-duty tires built for performance and longevity. --- ### Resources > FEECO is an industry leader for manufacturing Rotary Dryers and thermal processing equipment. A Rotary drum dryer is ideal for: potash, sludges, ores, etc. - Published: 2019-04-19 - Modified: 2021-01-15 - URL: https://feeco.com/resources/ - Authors: core --- ### Rotary Drum Knocking Systems > Reduce buildup in rotary dryers, coolers, granulation drums, and coating drums for improved performance with FEECO knocking systems - Published: 2019-04-01 - Modified: 2023-09-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-knocking-systems/ - Authors: core Engineered solutions for reducing buildup in rotary drums --- ### Rotary Drum Liners > Minimize corrosion and abrasion in rotary granulators, coating drums, and more, with custom rotary drum liners - Published: 2019-04-01 - Modified: 2023-09-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-liners/ - Authors: core Custom liners for improving drum performance and wear --- ### Girth Gears > High-quality replacement rotary drum girth gears in 4340 and 4140 stainless steel, available in sizes ranging from 60" to 180" - Published: 2019-03-25 - Modified: 2023-10-30 - URL: https://feeco.com/girth-gears/ - Authors: core Heavy-duty gears for reliable rotary drum performance --- ### IFDC Handbook - Published: 2018-11-06 - Modified: 2020-12-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/ifdc-handbook/ - Authors: core --- ### Lithium Processing Equipment > Equipment and process development services for primary and secondary lithium production | Rotary Dryers, Rotary Kilns, Pelletizing, and Bulk Handling Equipment - Published: 2018-10-29 - Modified: 2024-10-22 - URL: https://feeco.com/lithium-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Engineered processing and equipment solutions for lithium ores and compounds EQUIPMENT The production of lithium compounds is becoming increasingly important in producing lithium-ion batteries for use in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and other energy storage applications. While we do not provide equipment for processing lithium brines, FEECO is a leader in advanced thermal processing and agglomeration equipment and supporting services for the processing of lithium-bearing ores, most notably spodumene. MATERIAL PROCESSING Thermal Processing With unmatched expertise in thermal processing, FEECO can supply rotary kilns for roasting, indirect kilns for use in the sulfonation process, as well as dryers for lithium concentrate, and rotary coolers for cooling material exiting the sulfonation process. Agglomeration FEECO is the world’s leading provider of custom non-pressure (tumble growth/agitation) agglomeration equipment and systems. We offer pin mixers, pug mills (paddle mixers), disc pelletizers, and rotary drums for lithium mixing, conditioning, and pelletizing. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO provides an array of custom bulk material handling equipment and systems for use in lithium handling applications. This includes bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, steep incline conveyors, and more. FEECO bulk handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN With challenging characteristics and wide variability, testing is often a critical component in the success of a lithium processing operation. The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. The FEECO Innovation Center is... --- ### Industrial Mixers > Discover FEECO's industrial mixers, engineered to improve density, flowability, and handling of your bulk solids - Published: 2018-08-23 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/industrial-mixers/ - Authors: core Custom industrial mixers for processing bulk solids FEECO INDUSTRIAL MIXERS FEECO industrial mixers offer an ideal solution for homogeneously blending solid and liquid feed components into uniform bulk solids mixtures according to the unique needs of the process industries.   Our mixing technology is used throughout a wide range of applications to mix, condition, de-dust, and even agglomerate powders and sludges for improved density, flowability, transportation, handling, and application. These industrial mixers also serve as an engineered alternative to ribbon mixers and mixing screws, offering significantly improved blending of solid and liquid components.   Within our extensive line of processing equipment, we offer two primary types of industrial process mixers, each with highly customizable configurations for accommodating different product goals and production capacities. All FEECO equipment is backed by our unmatched expertise in processing bulk materials. PIN MIXERS Pin mixers are a medium-shear industrial mixer ideal for processing ultra-fine materials in the presence of a liquid binder or minor liquid additive. Pin mixers utilize a high-speed rotating action to mix and densify particles into rough or free-flowing agglomerates. They are widely employed for processing carbon black and coal, as well as a variety of materials in the chemical industry. Learn more about pin mixers >> PUGMILL mixerS Also known as paddle mixers or pug mills, pugmill mixers are another type of medium-shear industrial mixing equipment. Pugmill mixers offer more gentle, high-torque action compared to pin mixers, imparting a kneading and folding action on the material to homogeneously mix solid and liquid feed materials. They can be used... --- ### Mechanical Software Developer - Published: 2018-08-07 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/careers/mechanical-software-developer/ - Authors: core Mechanical Software Developer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, innovative, team-oriented individual to join our Engineering and Design Development department as a Mechanical Software Developer. The right individual will have a strong understanding of mechanical design, Computer Aided Design, and software development. Excellent communication, fast learning, and creative problem solving skills are essential for this position. Job Responsibilities Design and development of Design Automation Programs Work closely with lead designers in order to gather standard practices and workflows needed to design equipment lines. Support and maintenance of Sales Configuration and CAD programs Identify existing faults or areas of needed improvement amongst the existing programs and move forward with suggested improvements Ability to work independently and take ownership of projects from infancy to implementation and beyond with maintenance and continuous improvements Qualifications Associates degree in Mechanical Design Technology. A strong candidate with the ability to demonstrate equivalent knowledge and abilities would also be considered Interns in the Mechanical Design Technology field are strongly encouraged to apply Solid understanding of CAD software and proficient in its use Familiarity with advanced Excel functionality Programming experience is preferred. A strong candidate who shows an aptitude for learning and complex problem solving would also be considered. --- ### Project Manager - Published: 2018-05-04 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/project-manager-2/ - Authors: core Project Manager FEECO International Inc. is currently looking for a motivated, experienced and organized Project Manager to join our Project Management team. The Project Manager is responsible for the flow of custom OEM orders from the kickoff meeting through shipment. The Project Manager will possess exceptional planning and analytical skills, strong communication and problem solving skills, as well as the ability to prioritize and manage the project to meet or exceed the customer’s expectations. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Project Management Complete oversight of orders from the Kickoff Meeting through shipping. Moderate progress and status of assigned projects. Maintain working knowledge of order progress, including financial, schedule, and customer-relation status. Work with the Sr. Project Manager regarding the status of individual order review, exceptions review, customer issues, schedule issues, and the resolution of conflicts in those areas. Work with Project Team (Project Engineer, Lead Designer, Detailer(s), and Salesperson) to coordinate engineering, design, drafting, and resolve order related issues. Occasional travel may be required to customer’s job sites or place of business providing expertise, overseeing an installation, start-up, or general operation of product. Engineering Provide Engineering support and /or coordination with the field of his/her Engineering discipline as needed. (Analysis, drawing/schematics, component specifications, start up support, subcontractor oversight, etc. ) Sales Support (Technical) Actively work with Sales Department during the quoting stage to provide technical assistance in his/her area of expertise (Mechanical, Electrical, Civil/Structural, or Chemical Engineering). Qualifications: Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical, Electrical, Structural, or Chemical Engineering; equivalent education and... --- ### Electro-Mechanical Equipment Assembler - Published: 2018-05-04 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/electro-mechanical-equipment-assembler/ - Authors: core Electro-Mechanical Equipment Assembler FEECO International Inc. , is seeking an Electro-Mechanical OEM Equipment Assembler. The position is responsible for the assembly of OEM custom capital manufacturing equipment. Mechanically inclined, accuracy and attention to detail, and an understanding of hydraulics and pneumatics will allow you to excel in this fast-paced environment. Principle Duties and Responsibilities: Trained and highly skilled in the safe handling and use of various tools and equipment. Always work safely using Personal Protection Equipment, such as safety glasses, steel-toe shoes, and other PPE as necessary to comply with safety standards policies. Verify that proper lock-out/tag-out procedures and precautions have been taken prior to any service being performed on a machine or piece of equipment. Responsible for the assembly and disassembly of capital manufacturing equipment using various power tools and impact and torque wrenches following blueprints and technical assembly drawings and instructions. Mechanically able to assemble machinery and equipment installing components and parts such as shafting, precision bearings, gear boxes, motors, and mechanical clutches. Check assemblies with drawings verifying proper dimensions and specifications. Inspect in-coming materials to ensure quality materials are used to meet customer’s standards and expectations. Inspect completed product against specifications ensuring all aspects of quality, accuracy, and safety have been met. Complete all final inspection documents and turn them into the QC Department. Notify the QC Department and Project Manager of any non-conformance issues. Writes up an NCR when required. Follow all shop floor control procedures Use of a forklift to move material throughout shop and... --- ### Burn Table Operator - Published: 2018-04-20 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/burn-table-operator/ - Authors: core Burn Table Operator FEECO International Inc. , is seeking a CNC Plasma Burn Table Operator to join our team on 2nd shift. The position is responsible for operating the plasma burning table to a degree that ensures a quality product is consistently created in a timely manner. A high degree of accuracy and attention to detail will allow you to excel in this fast-paced environment. Principle Duties and Responsibilities: Follow all safety compliance procedures established by the company Always work safely using Personal Protection Equipment, such as safety glasses, steel-toe shoes, hearing protection, and other PPE as necessary to comply with safety standards policies. Perform all burning/cutting operations required to support FEECO fabrication requirements Proficient with computers and computer programs and Nesting Software Perform preventative maintenance and minor repairs so as to keep the burning equipment in good working order Check burnouts with drawings verifying proper dimensions and specifications. Verify that the proper material was used to construct product. Inspect in-coming materials to ensure quality materials are used to meet customers’ standards and expectations. Inspect machine and equipment to ensure accuracy of burning and tolerances Inspect completed product against specifications ensuring all aspects of quality have been met. Mark all parts produced to ensure proper identification. Ensure all parts are cleaned prior to completion and stacked in an orderly fashion on pallets or in bins for ease in material handling. Notify proper personnel regarding quality concerns and suggest improvement methods in areas relating to productivity, design and manufacturability Keep supervisor... --- ### Maintenance Technician - Published: 2018-04-04 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/maintenance-technician/ - Authors: core MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN FEECO International is currently looking to add to our Maintenance department. We are looking for someone who is self-motivated, has the ability to work with little supervision, possesses a strong mechanical background, and has excellent problem solving skills. A desire for quality workmanship will allow you to thrive in this position. The Maintenance Technician is a highly skilled individual who has a broad knowledge and understanding of machines and equipment using various techniques and working with different pieces of equipment. The Maintenance Technician takes responsibility for individual products/projects assigned doing preventative maintenance on machines and equipment along with troubleshooting when a problem arises. Also assists in cost saving methods on individual projects and reports observations and recommendations to supervisor or VP of Manufacturing of equipment/machines that need to be replaced. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Perform Various Repairs on Machines and Equipment Preform Preventative Maintenance on Machines and Equipment Material Handling Training of Co-Workers Quality Control/Inspection Safety Compliance Housekeeping Education & Training High school diploma or equivalent. Electromechanical or Mechanics Degree preferred Experience Minimum three years Shop experience in manufacturing environment Minimum three to five years of experience working on material handling equipment, welders, forklifts, and other manufacturing equipment and machinery Forklift certified or the ability to obtain forklift certification Skills and Abilities: Possess excellent oral communication skills Strong troubleshooting/problem solving skills Possesses a strong mechanical background Work effectively and non-defensively with a variety of personalities. High degree of accuracy and attention to detail --- ### Mechanical Designer - Published: 2018-02-16 - Modified: 2023-03-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/mechanical-designer/ - Authors: core Mechanical Designer FEECO International Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, team oriented, quality focused individual to join our Mechanical Design team. Attention to detail, strong verbal communication and the ability to multi-task will allow you to thrive in our fast-paced environment. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Develop Drawings from Designer Layouts Assist Lead Designer with Layout Development Check Drawings for Accuracy Assist with Drafter Development Design Work Interpretation Assist with Bill of Material Development Work with Shop Personnel Maintain and Evolve Software Knowledge and skills Communicate with Supervisor and Design Staff Qualifications: Proficient in the use of Inventor 3D and AutoCAD (latest version preferred) 2-4+ years’ experience in an engineering environment (preferred) Mechanical Design background Good Attitude and work ethic Capable of working from basic instructions (layouts, sketches, verbal instructions) Apply Now --- ### Software Developer - Published: 2017-11-13 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/software-developer/ - Authors: core Software Developer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking a self-motivated, innovative, team-oriented individual to join our Engineering and Design Development department as a Software Developer. The right individual will have a strong understanding of core programming principles, exposure to a variety of languages, and the flexibility to learn new skills as projects demand. Excellent communication, fast learning, and creative problem solving skills are essential for this position. Job Responsibilities Maintain and preform upgrades on existing software systems that can include CRM, CPQ, and ERP type systems Work closely with our industry experts to try and capture knowledge and standards and apply them in estimating and design automation programs Internal custom application programming as needed Evaluate and identify new technologies and methodologies Work directly with staff from multiple departments to identify and address rooms for improvement in standardization and cross-department information flow Ability to work independently and take ownership of projects from infancy to implementation and beyond with maintenance and continuous improvements Qualifications Associates degree in related field. A strong candidate with the ability to demonstrate equivalent knowledge and abilities would also be considered . NET and SQL development experience required; SSRS and Javascript experience ideal Familiarity with advanced Excel functionality and vba Scripting/Macros will be useful Knowledge of Microsoft Dynamics CRM or other CRM platform preferred Programming experience in any computer aided design software such as Inventor or Solid works is not required but would be a bonus --- ### Aluminum Processing Equipment > Process & handling equipment for primary and secondary aluminum production, including decoating kilns, bucket elevators, and more - Published: 2017-10-19 - Modified: 2024-11-26 - URL: https://feeco.com/aluminum-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment and process systems for the pelletizing, decoating, drying and handling of aluminum materials EQUIPMENT FEECO offers a variety of custom equipment and process solutions for the processing of aluminum in its various forms and derivatives. From decoating scrap aluminum to pelletizing crushed aluminum, we can develop a process solution that fits your needs, as well as engineer and manufacture the equipment needed. All FEECO equipment is engineered around the unique characteristics of aluminum. We have experience with many forms of aluminum, including: Aluminum Chips Aluminum Fluoride Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Silicate (Andalusite) Aluminum Trihydroxide Atomized Aluminum Powder Scrap Aluminum Alumina Bauxite MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing It is often desirable to agglomerate aluminum into a more workable product. FEECO offers a variety of equipment and systems for this purpose, including disc pelletizers and pin mixers, as well as complete aluminum pelletizing systems. Decoating Kilns In addition to our agglomeration equipment, we offer decoating kilns for use in the aluminum scrap decoating process. Rotary Dryers & Coolers We can also provide heavy-duty rotary dryers and coolers for processing aluminum materials. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your aluminum handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where... --- ### Welder Fitter - Published: 2017-08-03 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/welder-fitter/ - Authors: core Welder/Fitter The Welder-Fitter is a highly skilled individual who has a broad knowledge and understanding of the Welder-Fitter trade using various techniques and working with different metals. The Welder-Fitter takes responsibility for individual products/projects assigned. Also assists in cost saving methods on individual projects and reports observations and recommendations to supervisor or VP of Manufacturing. Weld to ASME Sec IV Specifications Must be able to weld to ASME Sec IV specifications (flux core and gas metal arc) and related metal work According to layout and blueprints weld FEECO product using a variety of arc and gas welding equipment Examines weld for bead size and other specifications Ensure work is done safely and meets quality standards Provide a great level of attention to detail to produce a product according to customer specifications Perform Various Fitting Work and Assembly Perform various fitting work to prepare product for welding. Read and interpret drawings, blueprints and specifications to determine layout requirements Must be efficient and productive with time Capable of doing most fabricating functions of the company Assemble and Fit-up of FEECO products according to blueprint Must be able to read blueprints Quality Control/Inspection Checks fabrication and welding with drawings verifying proper dimensions and specifications. Verifies that the proper material was used to construct product. Inspects in-coming materials to assure quality materials are used to customers standards and expectations. Inspects machines and equipment to assure accuracy Inspects completed product against specifications assuring all aspects of quality and accuracy have been met. Follows shop floor... --- ### Bauxite Processing Equipment > Equipment for bauxite processing, including agglomeration, drying, high-temp thermal processing, and bulk handling - process development services available - Published: 2017-07-14 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/bauxite-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment for processing bauxite into a variety of products EQUIPMENT FEECO offers a variety of custom equipment and process solutions for the processing of bauxite. From processing bauxite for use in aluminum production, refractory, or proppants, we can develop a process solution that fits your needs, as well as engineer and manufacture the equipment needed. All FEECO equipment is engineered around the unique characteristics of the specific source of bauxite to be processed. MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing FEECO is an industry leader in agglomeration equipment and systems. We offer custom disc pelletizers, pin mixers, and pug mills (paddle mixers), as well as complete bauxite pelletizing systems. Thermal Processing We provide custom rotary dryers for drying bauxite, as well as rotary kilns for bauxite sintering applications. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your bauxite handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide range of testing needs, including pelletizing, drying, and high temperature thermal processing. We can test on a single piece of... --- ### Alumina Processing Equipment > Custom process equipment for the agglomeration, drying, high-temperature thermal processing, and handling of alumina - process development services available - Published: 2017-07-14 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/alumina-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment and process solutions designed around alumina EQUIPMENT The needs of the alumina (aluminum oxide) industry are varied and unique; from de-dusting or pelletizing alumina fines, to burning off trace organics or removing bound moisture, we can work with you to develop a process that fits your alumina processing needs, as well as engineer and manufacture the equipment needed. All FEECO equipment is engineered around the unique characteristics of alumina, with its abrasive nature in mind to provide a solution that’s built for longevity. We have experience with alumina (and related materials) in a variety of forms, including: Activated Alumina Beads Alumina Pellets Calcined Alumina Fines Alumina/Kaolin Powder Aluminum Oxide Bauxite Red Mud MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing & De-dusting It is often desirable to de-dust or pelletize alumina fines into a more workable product. FEECO is a leader in custom agglomeration equipment and systems and offers disc pelletizers, pug mills and pin mixers, as well as complete systems for both pelletizing and de-dusting. Thermal Processing FEECO provides custom equipment for the various thermal processing needs of the alumina industry, including rotary dryers for drying alumina fines or pellets in an agglomeration process, rotary kilns (calciners) for calcining alumina, and rotary coolers for cooling hot product. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your alumina handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete... --- ### Uranium Processing Equipment > Enhance your uranium processing with FEECO's tailored equipment solutions, including agglomeration drums and bulk material handling systems. - Published: 2017-06-12 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/uranium-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core The best in agglomeration and handling equipment for uranium heap leaching and processing operations EQUIPMENT MATERIAL PROCESSING Agglomeration Many of the world’s top mining companies have come to rely on FEECO for our agglomeration drums; FEECO ore drums are installed in some of the world’s largest and most environmentally advanced mines. Agglomeration drums are used in the uranium heap leaching process to provide a more efficient leach. In addition to the agglomeration drum, we can also provide all necessary material handling equipment to support the process. We also offer a variety of additional agglomeration equipment for use in uranium processing, including pug mills and pin mixers. Thermal Processing FEECO can supply rotary dryers and coolers for use in uranium processing. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO can supply the necessary bulk material handling equipment to transport uranium around the processing facility. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom material handling equipment. FEECO bulk handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PARTS & SERVICE FEECO provides a comprehensive offering of parts and service to keep your equipment running its best for years to come. This includes a variety of field services, process and equipment audits, spare parts, and more. URANIUM PROCESSING BROCHURES --- ### Nickel Processing Equipment > Rotary dryers, pelletizing, and bulk material handling equipment for nickel ore, concentrates, and more. Process development services available - Published: 2017-06-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/nickel-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Heavy-duty processing and handling equipment for all of your nickel processing projects EQUIPMENT FEECO offers a variety of custom equipment and process solutions for the processing of nickel. From agglomeration drums for use in the heap leaching process to nickel pelletizing systems, we can develop a process solution that fits your needs, as well as engineer and manufacture the equipment needed to carry out the job. All FEECO equipment is designed around the unique characteristics of the nickel source at hand. MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing As a leader in particle size enlargement, we offer a variety of custom agglomeration equipment to serve the needs of the nickel mining and processing industry. We offer heavy-duty agglomeration drums for use in nickel heap leaching operations, as well as pug mills (paddle mixers) and nickel pelletizing systems utilizing pin mixers and disc pelletizers. Thermal Processing We can provide robust rotary dryers and coolers for processing nickel materials. Rotary kilns (calciners) are also available for nickel recovery applications. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO can supply the necessary bulk material handling equipment to transport nickel around the processing facility. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom bulk material handling equipment. FEECO bulk handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to determine the feasibility of your intended process, as well as define process variables and gather valuable data points necessary for scale-up. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to... --- ### Zinc Processing Equipment > Custom agglomeration, thermal processing, and bulk material handling equipment for processing zinc ore and other zinc compounds - Published: 2017-06-08 - Modified: 2023-09-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/zinc-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core Heavy-duty processing equipment for all of your zinc processing and handling needs EQUIPMENT FEECO can provide a variety of custom equipment for processing zinc in many forms. We have experience with: Zinc concentrates Zinc oxide Zinc dross Zinc sulfate EAF Dust MATERIAL PROCESSING Agglomeration, Pelletizing, and Mixing Many of the world’s top mining companies have come to rely on FEECO for our agglomeration drums; FEECO ore drums are installed in some of the world’s largest and most environmentally advanced mines. Agglomeration drums are used in the heap leaching process to provide a more efficient leach. We can also supply a variety of agglomeration equipment for all of your zinc agglomeration and granulation needs. This includes disc pelletizers for pelletizing EAF dust in the recovery of zinc, as well as granulation systems for incorporating zinc as a micro-nutrient into fertilizer products. Thermal Processing FEECO can supply rotary dryers and coolers for processing zinc sulfate and other zinc materials. Additionally, we offer custom rotary kilns for use in recovering zinc from EAF dust. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING In addition to agglomeration and thermal equipment, we can also supply the necessary bulk material handling equipment to transport zinc around the processing facility. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom material handling equipment. FEECO bulk handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to determine the feasibility of your intended process, as well as... --- ### Project Manager - Published: 2017-05-05 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/project-manager/ - Authors: core Project Manager FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Project Manager to lead Engineering/Design efforts on domestic and international projects. The Project Manager is responsible for the process flow of orders from the kickoff meeting through development, production, and shipping ensuring total quality and customer satisfaction. The Project Manager works closely with the Sales Department, Designers, and Production. The Project Manager acts as a liaison between FEECO International, Inc. ’s customers and vendors. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Complete oversight of orders from the kickoff meeting through shipping. Moderate progress and status of assigned projects. Maintain working knowledge of order progress, including financial, schedule, and customer-relation status. Work with the Sr. Project Manager regarding the status of individual order review, exceptions review, customer issues, schedule issues, and the resolution of conflicts in those areas. Work with Project Team (Project Engineer, Lead Designer, Detailer(s), and Salesperson) to coordinate engineering, design, drafting, and resolve order related issues. Occasional travel may be required to customer’s job sites or place of business providing expertise, overseeing an installation, start-up, or general operation of product. Provide Engineering support and /or coordination with the field of his/her Engineering discipline as needed. (Analysis, drawing/schematics, component specifications, start up support, subcontractor oversight, etc. ) Actively work with Sales Department during the quoting stage to provide technical assistance in his/her area of expertise (Mechanical, Electrical, Civil/Structural, or Chemical Engineering). Qualifications: Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical, Electrical, Structural, or Chemical Engineering Minimum of five years’ experience in his/her... --- ### Project Engineer - Published: 2017-05-05 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/project-engineer/ - Authors: core Project Engineer FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Engineer to lead Project Engineering efforts on domestic and international projects. The Project Engineer has technical responsibility for assigned projects. They will jointly work with the Project Manager on the development of a Technical Plan. Project Engineering responsibilities include equipment analysis, mechanical and process calculations, and component selection as required to ensure equipment quality/durability as well as customer requirements are met. Principle Duties & Responsibilities: Responsible for all necessary engineering and design decisions required in order to adequately complete the project Responsible for the completion and acceptance of activities Assignment of required timelines for activities Explanations of required proceeding or succeeding activities Sign-off to show completion Definition of when a Design Freeze will occur. Any changes after this point may have a profound impact on the project. Completion of design data sheets (by Equipment) that outline key design parameters In the event that a design decision needs to be made on a project that is different than FEECO’s standard equipment design, the Project Engineer has the responsibility to make a decision that is in the best interest of the project and the Company. The Project Engineer has the responsibility to review and approve all design changes in FEECO’s standard equipment offerings. Work closely with the Product Managers in the development of Product Improvement initiatives Qualifications: Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical, Electrical, Structural, or Chemical Engineering Minimum of five years’ experience in his/her technical field. Minimum of three... --- ### Lab Coordinator - Published: 2017-05-05 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/lab-coordinator/ - Authors: core Lab Coordinator FEECO International, Inc. is currently seeking an innovative, team oriented Lab Coordinator to oversee R&D, customer needs ,and planning in the Innovation Center. The Lab Coordinator provides coordination and management in the Innovation Center for the VP/GM and FEECO International, Inc. 's customers. The primary role is to work closely with customers to determine their needs, coordinate/plan the lab schedule and manage the overall operation of the Innovation Center. Principal Duties and Responsibilities: Communicate With Customers, Lab Staff, and other departments Staffing and Planning Data Collection and Reporting & Process Control Operation Lab Project Management – Assist in determining specifications and Lab setups Lab Scheduling Problem Resolution during all phases of lab Safety Qualifications: Bachelor’s Degree Desired Environmental Engineering or Chemical Engineering Degree preferred Three to five years prior experience working in a research and development environment Vast knowledge of material composition Experience in the operation of agglomeration, briquetting, and material handling systems Preferred prior experience or exposure in a general manufacturing environment Apply Now --- ### Fitter Welder - Published: 2017-05-05 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/fitter-welder/ - Authors: core Fitter/Welder The Fitter/Welder is a highly skilled individual who has a broad knowledge and understanding of Fitting and Welding trades using various techniques and working with different metals. The Fitter/Welder takes responsibility for individual products/projects assigned. Also assists in cost saving methods on individual projects and reports observations and recommendations to supervisor or VP of Manufacturing. Assemble and Fit-Up of FEECO products Responsible to thoroughly understand and perform metal fabricating and fitting work. Read and interpret drawings, blueprints and specifications to determine layout requirements Must be efficient and productive with time Capable of doing most fabricating functions of the company Assembly Fit-up of Products Must be able to read blueprints Weld to ASME IV Specifications Must be able to weld to ASME Sec IV specifications (flux core and gas metal arc) and related metal work Quality Control/Inspection Checks fabrication and welding with drawings verifying proper dimensions and specifications. Verifies that the proper material was used to construct product. Inspects in-coming materials to assure quality materials are used to customers standards and expectations. Inspects machines and equipment to assure accuracy Inspects completed product against specifications assuring all aspects of quality and accuracy have been met. Follows shop floor control procedures Safety Compliance: Follows all safety compliance procedures established by the company Always assures working safely using Personal Protection Equipment, such as safety glasses, steel-toe shoes, and other PPE as necessary to comply with safety standards policies. Verifies that proper lock-out/tag-out procedures and precautions have been taken prior to the any service... --- ### Machine Assembler - Published: 2017-05-05 - Modified: 2023-08-21 - URL: https://feeco.com/careers/machine-assembler/ - Authors: core Machine Assembler - Principle Duties & Responsibilities: - Perform various Repairs on Machines and Equipment - Performs preventative maintenance on machines and equipment - Inspections of machines and equipment - Troubleshoot machines and equipment as needed - Set up of machines and equipment - Aids Customer Service Team as needed - Safety Compliance - Housekeeping - Able to Operate Fork Lift and Material Handling Devices - Aids Shipping and Receiving as needed - Other Tasks as Assigned --- ### Roofing Granule Production Equipment > Custom rotary kilns, dryers, coolers, and coating (coloring) drums for use in roofing granule production, with process development services available - Published: 2017-04-12 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/roofing-granule-production-equipment/ - Authors: core Advanced process equipment for engineered performance in roofing granule production EQUIPMENT The roofing industry’s largest granule producers rely on FEECO for the best in custom processing equipment. We have extensive experience in providing complete, reliable process systems involving all the necessary rotary equipment, as seen in the flow diagram of a typical granule production line below. MATERIAL PROCESSING Thermal Processing We provide a wide range of thermal processing equipment for all of your roofing granule production needs, including pre-heaters, combustion chambers, rotary dryers (rock dryers), rotary kilns, and rotary coolers. All of our thermal processing equipment is engineered around the unique characteristics of the material to be processed to ensure an optimal processing solution that will provide a lifetime of reliable processing. Mixing and Coating We provide coating drums (coloring drums) for mixing, coloring, and coating applications within the roofing granule industry. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING We also offer a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your handling needs. We can provide custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to determine the feasibility of your intended process, as well as define process variables and gather valuable data points necessary for scale-up. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide... --- ### Phosphate Ore Upgrading Equipment > Custom phosphate ore upgrading kilns, with process development services in the FEECO Innovation Center available - Published: 2017-04-10 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/phosphate-ore-upgrading-equipment/ - Authors: core We offer the best in process development services, and custom process equipment for upgrading phosphate ores. MATERIAL PROCESSING Rotary Kilns FEECO provides custom rotary kilns (sometimes called calciners) for the upgrading of phosphate ores. Whether the goal is to nodulize, defluorinate, remove organics, or decompose carbonates, we can engineer a rotary kiln around your specific source of phosphate ore to meet your unique objectives. Pelletizing & Agglomeration It is sometimes desirable to pelletize or agglomerate ore fines prior to processing in a kiln. As a leader in custom agglomeration equipment, we can provide agglomeration drums, pin mixers, and disc pelletizers, as well as complete pelletizing systems for all of your phosphate ore agglomeration needs. MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of material handling equipment for all of your phosphate ore handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete handling system as part of an overall process solution. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN With such wide variability among phosphate deposits, and even within the same deposit, testing is often a critical component in the success of upgrading phosphate ores. The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. In addition to our batch and pilot-scale kiln testing capabilities, we can also test pelletizing phosphate ores. We... --- ### Gold Ore Processing Equipment > Heavy-duty agglomerators and bulk material handling equipment for gold ore mining and processing operations, with process development services available - Published: 2017-04-10 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/gold-ore-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core We offer the best in heavy-duty equipment for gold processing and handling. EQUIPMENT When it comes to gold ore, many of the world’s foremost mining companies rely on FEECO for the best in custom, heavy-duty equipment. MATERIAL PROCESSING Agglomeration Agglomeration drums are utilized in gold heap leaching in order to increase the efficiency of the leaching process. Our robust agglomeration drums have developed a reputation for reliability and are installed in some of the world’s largest and most environmentally advanced mines. We also offer a wide variety of additional agglomeration equipment for your gold processing needs. Thermal Processing We can provide heavy-duty rotary dryers and coolers for processing gold ores. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING In addition to our ore drums, FEECO can supply the necessary bulk material handling equipment to transport gold around the processing facility. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom bulk material handling equipment. FEECO bulk handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION In addition to our gold offerings, FEECO can supply rotary kilns for the on-site regeneration/reactivation of activated carbon used in the gold cyanidation process. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to determine the feasibility of your intended process, as well as define process variables and gather valuable data points necessary for scale-up. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide range of testing needs, from testing on a single piece of equipment,... --- ### Biocoal Production Equipment > Explore FEECO's custom rotary kilns and material handling equipment for efficient biocoal production from biomass. - Published: 2017-03-31 - Modified: 2025-01-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/biocoal-production-equipment/ - Authors: core Engineered thermal processing for the production of biocoal EQUIPMENT Sometimes also called syn coal, biocoal is a synthetic form of coal that is garnering attention world-wide as nations look for cleaner energy options. This man-made coal product rivals natural coal, because it does not contain sulfur, nitrogen oxides, or mercury. Furthermore, it offers a reduced ash content. All of this results in a cleaner burn and ultimately, fewer greenhouse gases. MATERIAL PROCESSING Rotary Kilns Biocoal is produced through the torrefaction of biomass in a process known as pyrolysis. FEECO offers custom rotary kilns for the production of biocoal from biomass. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO offers a variety of bulk material handling equipment for biocoal. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom bulk material handling equipment. FEECO handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material to determine the feasibility of your intended process, as well as define process variables and gather valuable data points necessary for scale-up. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide range of testing needs, from agglomeration to high temperature thermal processing, as well as continuous process loops integrating multiple testing methods. We offer comprehensive testing services in four categories: Feasibility/Proof of Concept: An initial, non-witnessed batch testing phase in which the possibility of creating a product is explored. Proof of Product: A... --- ### Knocking Systems > Engineered solutions for reducing buildup in rotary dryers, coolers, granulation drums, and more. - Published: 2017-03-14 - Modified: 2021-01-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/knocking-systems/ - Authors: core --- ### Glass Processing Equipment > Custom agglomeration and thermal processing equipment ranging from disc pelletizers to rotary kilns for the diverse needs of the glass industry - Published: 2017-03-09 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/glass-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core From material testing to custom equipment and improved process solutions, many of the world’s top glass producers rely on FEECO. EQUIPMENT The glass industry requires ingenuity in both handling and processing in order to keep glass formulas intact and ensure intended product performance. FEECO can provide a wide range of equipment and process systems to the glass industry, all engineered around the unique challenges of glass. We have experience with glass in a variety of forms and contexts: Crushed Glass Glass Beads Glass Bubbles/Microspheres Glass Powder/Fines Glass Cullet Glass Batch Recycled Glass MATERIAL PROCESSING THERMAL PROCESSING FEECO can provide custom rotary kilns for processing glass microspheres/beads to meet the end product characteristics of their intended use, be it for use in roadway signs, fillers, medical devices or otherwise. Rotary dryers and coolers are also available for glass drying and cooling applications. PELLETIZING Disc Pelletizers are frequently used to pelletize glass into round pellets. This helps to maintain product integrity by ensuring that glass formulas remain intact when fed into the melting furnaces. A pin mixer may be added to the process to increase efficiency and provide a thorough mixture of feedstock materials.  Pug mills (paddle mixers) are also available. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING We offer a complete line of bulk material handling equipment both as stand-alone systems, as well as a complement to our processing equipment. Belt conveyors, bucket elevators, steep incline conveyors, and reversing shuttle conveyors, can all be used to bring seamless fluidity and automation to your glass processing or handling operation. Additional equipment such as trippers and plows and belt feeders are available for increasing system flexibility. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test... --- ### Animal Feed Granulation Equipment > Animal feed granulation equipment and process development services designed to maximize production, efficiency, and uniformity - Published: 2017-03-02 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/animal-feed-granulation-equipment/ - Authors: core An improved approach to the production of MCP, DCP, and DFP animal feeds EQUIPMENT Many of the animal feed industry’s largest producers rely on FEECO expertise for their animal feed production needs. We provide custom equipment for mixing, granulating, and drying everything from premixes and concentrates, to supplements, minerals, additives, antacids, and more. Common applications for FEECO equipment in the animal feed industry include:  Corn gluten Feed-grade phosphates (MCP, DCP, DFP) Fruit pomace Insect larva Limestone Monosodium phosphate Phosphate rock Urea Salts Sodium butyrate Sugar beet pulp (cossettes) FEED PROCESSING Animal Feed Granulation with a High-Speed Mixer Our proprietary approach to the granulation of feed-grade phosphates such as Mono-Calcium Phosphate (MCP), Di-Calcium Phosphate (DCP), and De-Fluorinated Phosphate (DFP) greatly improves upon the traditional approach to granulation. Through the use of our high-speed mixer as a pre-mixing step, a more intimate mixture of the feed materials is created, resulting in a more thorough reaction and subsequently, improved product characteristics, including greater uniformity and crush strength.   Granulation systems can be provided for capacities up to 50 MTPH and can be automated with a PLC-based control system, motor control center (MCC), and instrumentation. Continuous Feed Mixers In addition to our high-speed mixer, FEECO offers two kinds of mixers ideal for accomplishing different objectives in animal feed processing: pin mixers and pugmill/paddle mixers.   Pin mixers are ideal for combining fines with a liquid additive to produce a homogeneous blend of components and can even produce de-dusted micro pellets.   Our pugmill mixers are the preferred device for the production of MCP, DCP, and DFP, particularly... --- ### Biochar Production Equipment > Commercial-scale rotary kilns for biochar production, backed by testing & process development services - Published: 2017-02-28 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/biochar-production-equipment/ - Authors: core Custom equipment for processing biomass into biochar for use as a soil amendment BIOCHAR EQUIPMENT Soil experts all over the world are recognizing biochar for its unique soil replenishing characteristics. With its porous surface structure and chemical properties, biochar has proven to offer a wide range of benefits to soil. FEECO has the expertise and experience to assist you with all of your biochar processing needs. MATERIAL PROCESSING Pelletizing We offer a wide variety of agglomeration equipment, including pin mixers and disc pelletizers to transform biochar into an easy to handle, granular product. Rotary Kilns As a leader in advanced thermal processing systems, FEECO provides custom rotary kilns for the production of biochar from a variety of sources, including: Coconut husks Coal Wood chips and other wood residuals Crop residues Sometimes referred to as torrefaction, the pyrolysis of biomass into a high quality biochar product is a technical endeavor, requiring advanced knowledge of thermal processing principles. FEECO process experts can work with you to design a rotary kiln around your unique source of material. Fluid Bed Dryers FEECO fluid bed dryers offer a cost-effective option for moisture reduction of biochar feed materials. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO offers a variety of bulk material handling equipment to transport biochar around the processing facility. From bucket elevators and steep incline conveyors for vertical transport, to troughed belt conveyors and reversing shuttle conveyors, FEECO offers a wide variety of custom bulk material handling equipment. FEECO handling equipment can also be equipped with a variety of equipment to increase the flexibility of the system, including belt trippers and plows, as well as belt feeders. PLANT AND PILOT SCALE PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a... --- ### Clay Processing Equipment > Cutom mixing, agglomeration, drying, and high-temperature thermal processing equipment for clay and advanced ceramic materials - Published: 2017-01-19 - Modified: 2024-02-13 - URL: https://feeco.com/clay-processing-equipment/ - Authors: core FEECO serves as a complete solutions provider for all of your clay and ceramic processing needs. EQUIPMENT As an industry leader in material processing, we provide a variety of custom process solutions and equipment for all types of industrial clay applications. We have experience in: Clay Materials Bentonite Clay Kaolin Clay/China Clay (Powder, Slurry) Fullers Earth Ball Clay Products Absorbants Cat Litter Refractory Proppants Roofing Granules MATERIAL PROCESSING Agglomeration Clay is frequently agglomerated to improve handling and performance across many applications. Whether you need to create a micro-pelletized product, or you’d like to turn fines into pellets, FEECO can serve all of your clay agglomeration and pelletizing needs with our agglomeration drums, disc pelletizers, pin mixers, and pug mills, as well as our complete pelletizing lines. Thermal Processing FEECO offers rotary dryers for removing moisture from clay, as well as rotary kilns and calciners for high temperature clay processing applications. BULK MATERIAL HANDLING FEECO also provides a comprehensive line of bulk material handling equipment for all of your clay handling needs. We offer custom bucket elevators, belt conveyors, reversing shuttle conveyors, and steep incline conveyors, along with pieces to increase the flexibility of your handling system, such as belt trippers and plows, and belt feeders. We can supply a single piece of handling equipment to fit into your existing process, or a complete bulk handling system as part of an overall process solution. PROCESS TESTING AND DESIGN The FEECO Innovation Center is a unique testing facility where we can test your material at both batch and pilot scale in order to work out process variables and design commercial-scale units, as well as scale up the process. The FEECO Innovation Center is well-equipped to suit a wide... --- --- ## Posts ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Trump’s Deep Sea Mining Push, a Step Further for the Autazes Potash Project, and a Plastic Alternative From Coffee > The Bulk Solids Insider: Trump’s Deep Sea Mining Push, a Step Further for the Autazes Potash Project, and a Plastic Alternative From Coffee. - Published: 2025-05-01 - Modified: 2025-04-28 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-trumps-deep-sea-mining-push-a-step-further-for-the-autazes-potash-project-and-a-plastic-alternative-from-coffee/ - Categories: FEECO News, Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: core Updates in Mining A Jump in Chile’s Lithium Resources New research shows that Chile is home to even more lithium than initially thought, Reuters reports. The nation’s lithium resources contain 28% more lithium, with significant increases in the La Isla and Aguilar salt flats. Previous estimates by the USGS put Chile’s lithium resources at around 11 million tons. The new findings show an additional 3. 05 million tons. Trump Administration Releases First Round of Transparency Projects The Trump administration is pushing hard to secure a domestic supply of critical minerals. In mid-April, the administration announced the first wave of projects selected to be added to the nation’s Permitting Dashboard as transparency projects. Inclusion on the dashboard increases visibility into the permitting process, ultimately improving permitting efficiency and expediting the process.   Resolution Copper Land Swap to Move Forward The Resolution Copper project, included in the list of transparency projects mentioned above, has received word that the U. S. Forest Service will republish an environmental report, allowing the company to move forward with a much-needed land swap. The swap will see Resolution Copper gain 2,422 acres from the Tonto National Forest, which it needs for project development, in exchange for 5,459 acres of conservation lands around Arizona. Read more from North American Mining >>. President Trump Pushes for Deep Sea Mining U. S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order that will open the door to the development of deep sea mineral resources as part of a larger effort to... --- ### Direct-Fired vs. Indirect-Fired Rotary Kilns > The different configurations (direct-fired vs. indirect-fired rotary kilns) are covered in this article illustrating the benefits of each type. - Published: 2025-04-23 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/direct-fired-vs-indirect-fired-rotary-kilns/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Rotary Calciners, Thermal Processing - Authors: Carrie, alex Rotary kilns are widely used across industries that require precise, high-temperature heating of materials, such as mineral processing, chemical production, and waste management.   Understanding the differences between direct and indirect-fired designs is critical for engineers seeking the right equipment for specific thermal processing requirements; while both kiln types can achieve similar goals, their operational mechanisms, efficiency, and applications differ significantly. Direct-Fired Rotary Kilns: High-Efficiency, Cost-Effective Heating In a direct-fired rotary kiln, fuel is burned directly within the drum, with the combustion gases coming into direct contact with the material being processed. This method allows for efficient heat transfer, making it ideal for processing large quantities of material at high temperatures. The direct contact between combustion gases and material accelerates the heating process, especially when dealing with materials that require substantial heat input to achieve the desired product. 3D Rendering of a Direct-Fired Kiln Key Features of Direct-Fired Rotary Kilns: Fuel Combustion: The fuel (such as natural gas, propane, or fuel oil) is introduced into the rotary kiln and burned within the drum. The resulting combustion gases flow through the drum, directly contacting the material being processed. The heat from the combustion gases is transferred efficiently to the material, raising its temperature rapidly. This process is suitable for materials that can tolerate exposure to these gases without negative effects. A refractory layer is employed to protect the carbon steel drum shell from the high temperatures within. Heat Transfer Efficiency: The direct contact between combustion gases and material ensures a high... --- ### Direct-Fired vs. Indirect-Fired Rotary Kilns > The different configurations (direct-fired vs. indirect-fired rotary kilns) are covered in this article illustrating the benefits of each type. - Published: 2025-04-23 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/direct-fired-vs-indirect-fired-rotary-kilns/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Rotary Calciners, Thermal Processing - Authors: Carrie, alex Rotary kilns are widely used across industries that require precise, high-temperature heating of materials, such as mineral processing, chemical production, and waste management.   Understanding the differences between direct and indirect-fired designs is critical for engineers seeking the right equipment for specific thermal processing requirements; while both kiln types can achieve similar goals, their operational mechanisms, efficiency, and applications differ significantly. Direct-Fired Rotary Kilns: High-Efficiency, Cost-Effective Heating In a direct-fired rotary kiln, fuel is burned directly within the drum, with the combustion gases coming into direct contact with the material being processed. This method allows for efficient heat transfer, making it ideal for processing large quantities of material at high temperatures. The direct contact between combustion gases and material accelerates the heating process, especially when dealing with materials that require substantial heat input to achieve the desired product. 3D Rendering of a Direct-Fired Kiln Key Features of Direct-Fired Rotary Kilns: Fuel Combustion: The fuel (such as natural gas, propane, or fuel oil) is introduced into the rotary kiln and burned within the drum. The resulting combustion gases flow through the drum, directly contacting the material being processed. The heat from the combustion gases is transferred efficiently to the material, raising its temperature rapidly. This process is suitable for materials that can tolerate exposure to these gases without negative effects. A refractory layer is employed to protect the carbon steel drum shell from the high temperatures within. Heat Transfer Efficiency: The direct contact between combustion gases and material ensures a high... --- ### Challenges in Potash Processing > Learn the challenges potash producers face in fertilizer granulation via pelletizing and compaction, and how those challenges can be overcome. - Published: 2025-04-17 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/challenges-in-potash-processing/ - Categories: Potash, Agglomeration, Lab - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals - Authors: Chris More than 30 million tonnes of potash are produced worldwide each year, making it an important mineral for a number of product manufacturers, as well as an integral component in fruitful crop production. However, potash’s widespread use does not mean it is always easy to process; demanding material characteristics combined with unique processing requirements necessitate an experienced hand to achieve desired results. There are two primary methods by which potash can be processed: tumble-growth agglomeration on a disc pelletizer, or through compaction granulation in a compactor, the choice between which is dictated by desired end product characteristics, process requirements, and cost. Each of these methods, combined with the characteristics of potash, presents its own unique challenges. The following list highlights some of the most common challenges experienced during potash processing when utilizing these two approaches. The Pelletization Method Moisture Levels Throughout the pelletization process, achieving and maintaining ideal moisture levels is a critical consideration, affecting nearly all parts of the process, as well as the outcome. Moisture levels must be carefully monitored during conditioning, pelletizing, and drying. Conditioning potash in a pin mixer prior to the disc pelletizer is a common practice in the pelletization method of processing potash. Here, two things are accomplished: raw material fines are vigorously mixed with a binder to create a homogeneous mixture, and raw material is brought up to the appropriate moisture level for optimum pellet formation. Too little or too much moisture in this stage will cause the material to be ill prepared... --- ### Challenges in Potash Processing > Learn the challenges potash producers face in fertilizer granulation via pelletizing and compaction, and how those challenges can be overcome. - Published: 2025-04-17 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/challenges-in-potash-processing/ - Categories: Potash, Agglomeration, Lab - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals - Authors: Chris More than 30 million tonnes of potash are produced worldwide each year, making it an important mineral for a number of product manufacturers, as well as an integral component in fruitful crop production. However, potash’s widespread use does not mean it is always easy to process; demanding material characteristics combined with unique processing requirements necessitate an experienced hand to achieve desired results. There are two primary methods by which potash can be processed: tumble-growth agglomeration on a disc pelletizer, or through compaction granulation in a compactor, the choice between which is dictated by desired end product characteristics, process requirements, and cost. Each of these methods, combined with the characteristics of potash, presents its own unique challenges. The following list highlights some of the most common challenges experienced during potash processing when utilizing these two approaches. The Pelletization Method Moisture Levels Throughout the pelletization process, achieving and maintaining ideal moisture levels is a critical consideration, affecting nearly all parts of the process, as well as the outcome. Moisture levels must be carefully monitored during conditioning, pelletizing, and drying. Conditioning potash in a pin mixer prior to the disc pelletizer is a common practice in the pelletization method of processing potash. Here, two things are accomplished: raw material fines are vigorously mixed with a binder to create a homogeneous mixture, and raw material is brought up to the appropriate moisture level for optimum pellet formation. Too little or too much moisture in this stage will cause the material to be ill prepared... --- ### Rotary Dryers: Essential in the Fertilizer Industry > From reducing moisture to enhancing flowability, explore the essential role of rotary dryers in fertilizer production. - Published: 2025-04-10 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-essential-in-the-fertilizer-industry/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Fertilizer Granulation - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary dryers have a long history in many industries, but perhaps none more than in the fertilizer industry, where they are an essential component in processing minerals for fertilizers at mine sites, and for producing many of the fertilizer products on the market today. Rotary Dryers in Processing Minerals for Fertilizers Most fertilizers begin as mineral components which must be mined and processed in order to be used as a feedstock for fertilizer granulation. This typically involves some sort of beneficiation process, which differs depending on the mineral and the form that it’s in, but almost always involves a drying step. Why Dry Minerals It may seem counter intuitive to dry minerals only to add moisture back in during the granulation process, but drying serves two important purposes in this setting: feedstock preparation and reducing transportation costs. Feedstock Preparation In order for granulation to be effective, feedstock components must fall within a given moisture range, which varies depending on the process being used and the characteristics of the material. This moisture range allows the feedstock to accept additional moisture in the form of a liquid binder, which serves to aid in granule formation and achieve the desired end product crush strength. When product will be shipped to the processing plant, drying also helps to prevent caking during transport and storage. Reduced Transportation Costs In addition to preparing the feedstock for granulation, drying also reduces transportation costs, allowing more product to be shipped per unit as a result of the reduced... --- ### Rotary Dryers: Essential in the Fertilizer Industry > From reducing moisture to enhancing flowability, explore the essential role of rotary dryers in fertilizer production. - Published: 2025-04-10 - Modified: 2025-05-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-essential-in-the-fertilizer-industry/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Fertilizer Granulation - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary dryers have a long history in many industries, but perhaps none more than in the fertilizer industry, where they are an essential component in processing minerals for fertilizers at mine sites, and for producing many of the fertilizer products on the market today. Rotary Dryers in Processing Minerals for Fertilizers Most fertilizers begin as mineral components which must be mined and processed in order to be used as a feedstock for fertilizer granulation. This typically involves some sort of beneficiation process, which differs depending on the mineral and the form that it’s in, but almost always involves a drying step. Why Dry Minerals It may seem counter intuitive to dry minerals only to add moisture back in during the granulation process, but drying serves two important purposes in this setting: feedstock preparation and reducing transportation costs. Feedstock Preparation In order for granulation to be effective, feedstock components must fall within a given moisture range, which varies depending on the process being used and the characteristics of the material. This moisture range allows the feedstock to accept additional moisture in the form of a liquid binder, which serves to aid in granule formation and achieve the desired end product crush strength. When product will be shipped to the processing plant, drying also helps to prevent caking during transport and storage. Reduced Transportation Costs In addition to preparing the feedstock for granulation, drying also reduces transportation costs, allowing more product to be shipped per unit as a result of the reduced... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: U.S. Prioritizes Domestic Mining, Fertilizer Tariffs off the Table, and A Call to Address the EU’s Chemical Crisis > The Bulk Solids Insider: U.S. Prioritizes Domestic Mining, Fertilizer Tariffs off the Table, and A Call to Address the EU's Chemical Crisis - Published: 2025-04-03 - Modified: 2025-03-31 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-u-s-prioritizes-domestic-mining-fertilizer-tariffs-off-the-table-and-a-call-to-address-the-eus-chemical-crisis/ - Categories: FEECO News, Chemical Processing, Fertilizer System, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining U. S. Prioritizes Domestic Mining With Emergency Powers President Trump has called on cold war-era legislation to move the U. S. away from reliance on critical mineral imports, the BBC reports. The executive order calls on government agencies to prioritize domestic mining projects in an effort to secure a reliable supply chain for the materials of the future. EU Designates “Strategic” Projects The European Commission has identified 47 projects to be designated as strategic in the region’s efforts to secure critical mineral supplies. The projects run the gamut of materials, covering everything from lithium to cobalt and nickel. As a result of the designation, these projects will receive streamlined permitting, financial support, and other benefits from the EU institutions, according to Mining Weekly. Potential Tariffs Pushing Copper Prices Copper prices are surging in the face of potential tariffs from the Trump administration. Traders have been redirecting shipments to the U. S. in anticipation of import tariffs on the red metal. Read more from Mining. com >>. Updates in Fertilizer Fertilizer Tariffs Off the Table The fertilizer industry is rejoicing after President Trump signed an executive order barring fertilizers from import tariffs; Canadian and Mexican imports of fertilizers that meet USMCA preference status will not be subject to duties indefinitely. Read more from CropLife >>. Push to Include Phosphate and Potash on Critical Minerals List The Fertilizer Institute released a statement praising bipartisan legislation that would see both potash and phosphates included on the nation’s list of critical... --- ### Elevator Bucket Style Selection > Explore our guide to elevator bucket style selection for optimal performance and reliability in bulk material handling. - Published: 2025-03-27 - Modified: 2025-03-27 - URL: https://feeco.com/elevator-bucket-style-selection/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Tags: Article, Bucket Elevator, Equipment - Authors: DanB Whether purchasing a new bucket elevator or re-configuring an existing one, proper elevator bucket style selection is a key aspect of achieving an effective and efficient handling system. With a range of elevator bucket styles available, selecting the most appropriate fit can seem daunting, but by focusing on elevator configuration, as well as a few other considerations, the process becomes much more manageable. Bucket Elevator Configuration: Centrifugal The centrifugal bucket elevator is designed to move large amounts of material quickly. Buckets for this configuration are required to dig the material from the boot section of the elevator and throw it out at the discharge end. Due to this, the buckets in this category have been dubbed “digger buckets” and are designed to be robust and resistant to wear. The design also allows for side-by-side or staggered alignment options to increase handling capacities. The elevator bucket styles that FEECO offers for Centrifugal style elevators are: Style AA and Style AC. Both styles have a reinforced lip around the leading edge that prevents distortion when digging or scooping abrasive or heavily packed material. Style AC has a little different geometry than Style AA, including a higher front to handle larger capacities, and an angled back, which allows the buckets to be spaced closer together while still running at high speeds. Both Style AA and Style AC can be mounted on either a chain, or belt system and work well for tough materials such as sand, gravel, cement, and many others. FEECO's engineers... --- ### Elevator Bucket Style Selection > Explore our guide to elevator bucket style selection for optimal performance and reliability in bulk material handling. - Published: 2025-03-27 - Modified: 2025-03-27 - URL: https://feeco.com/elevator-bucket-style-selection/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Tags: Article, Bucket Elevator, Equipment - Authors: DanB Whether purchasing a new bucket elevator or re-configuring an existing one, proper elevator bucket style selection is a key aspect of achieving an effective and efficient handling system. With a range of elevator bucket styles available, selecting the most appropriate fit can seem daunting, but by focusing on elevator configuration, as well as a few other considerations, the process becomes much more manageable. Bucket Elevator Configuration: Centrifugal The centrifugal bucket elevator is designed to move large amounts of material quickly. Buckets for this configuration are required to dig the material from the boot section of the elevator and throw it out at the discharge end. Due to this, the buckets in this category have been dubbed “digger buckets” and are designed to be robust and resistant to wear. The design also allows for side-by-side or staggered alignment options to increase handling capacities. The elevator bucket styles that FEECO offers for Centrifugal style elevators are: Style AA and Style AC. Both styles have a reinforced lip around the leading edge that prevents distortion when digging or scooping abrasive or heavily packed material. Style AC has a little different geometry than Style AA, including a higher front to handle larger capacities, and an angled back, which allows the buckets to be spaced closer together while still running at high speeds. Both Style AA and Style AC can be mounted on either a chain, or belt system and work well for tough materials such as sand, gravel, cement, and many others. FEECO's engineers... --- ### Engineering Potash Bucket Elevators for Longevity > This article explores potash bucket elevators, including design considerations, strategies for preventing corrosion and more. - Published: 2025-03-13 - Modified: 2025-03-24 - URL: https://feeco.com/engineering-potash-bucket-elevators-for-longevity/ - Categories: Potash, Bucket Elevators, Material Handling - Authors: DanB, Carrie Bucket elevators are essential for handling potash at various stages of processing, storage, and distribution. From mining and ore processing to fertilizer production and loadout, these elevators efficiently transport potash in both raw and processed forms. However, the unique characteristics of potash—namely its hygroscopic and corrosive nature—pose significant design challenges that must be addressed to ensure reliable operation. This article explores the key applications of bucket elevators in potash handling, essential design considerations, and strategies for preventing corrosion and maintaining system longevity. Applications for Bucket Elevators in Potash Handling  Bucket elevators are found throughout the potash processing lifecycle, vertically conveying material in a range of settings. From initial mining through to load out, potash is transported via bucket elevator several times:  During Mining and Ore Processing Transporting crushed potash ore Carrying potash between process equipment Reclaiming stockpiled crushed ore At the Fertilizer Production Plant Moving potash between granulators, screening equipment, glazing, and dryers Conveying off-spec material between the process and recycle circuits During Storage & Loadout Filling silos, bins, and bunkers Reclaiming stored material Loading railcars, trucks, and ships At Blending Plants Transporting potash between blending and mixing equipment Feeding packaging lines While the role bucket elevators can play varies significantly, the challenges associated with handling potash in nearly any form are the same.   Potash Bucket Elevator Design Bucket elevators are versatile in design and can be customized to suit a range of applications. The high tonnages associated with handling potash requires an especially robust solution, with most potash... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: A Probe into Copper Imports, A New Secretary of Agriculture, and Meeting Chemical Carbon Demands with Biomass > The Bulk Solids Insider: A Probe into Copper Imports, A New Secretary of Agriculture, and Meeting Chemical Carbon Demands with Biomass. - Published: 2025-03-06 - Modified: 2025-02-28 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-a-probe-into-copper-imports-a-new-secretary-of-agriculture-and-meeting-chemical-carbon-demands-with-biomass/ - Categories: FEECO News, Chemical Processing, Fertilizer System, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Report: Critical Minerals Demand to Quadruple by 2040 Accounting and professional services firm, BDO, released their Annual Mining Report. According to the firm’s findings, demand for critical minerals for use in clean energy technologies will almost triple in the next five years and quadruple by 2040. Read the report >> British Columbia to Accelerate Resource Projects British Columbia Premier David Eby’s office is planning to fast-track 18 resource projects to reduce the province’s reliance on U. S. trade in the face of potential tariffs. In 2023, 54% of B. C. exports went to the United States. "We've got to prepare for the worst-case scenario even though we hope for the best," Eby said. Read more from CBC/Radio-Canada >> Rhyolite Ridge Joint Venture Called Off Sibanye-Stillwater has decided against a joint venture agreement with ioneer Ltd. to develop Rhyolite Ridge, a lithium-boron project in Nevada. The joint venture has been in the making since 2021. After careful review of new technical information, the Board decided that, among other things, the project did not meet the company’s investment hurdle rates at prudent pricing assumptions. Trump Orders Probe into Copper Imports President Trump has signed an order directing Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick to conduct a national security investigation into potential new tariffs on U. S. copper imports under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, according to Reuters. The move is aimed at countering China’s dominance in the global copper market. BYD Secures Lithium in Brazil to Strengthen... --- ### Designing a Potash Conditioning Drum for Maximum Recovery > In the face of this growing demand, recognizing the essential role of conditioning drum design is vital to maximizing recovery. - Published: 2025-02-27 - Modified: 2025-03-24 - URL: https://feeco.com/designing-a-potash-conditioning-drum-for-maximum-recovery/ - Categories: Rotary Drum, conditioning, Potash - Authors: Shane, Carrie The increasing reliance on froth flotation in mineral beneficiation is driving demand for a key piece of equipment: conditioning drums. This trend is particularly evident in the potash industry, where efficiency is indispensable to meeting global fertilizer needs sustainably.   In the face of this growing demand, recognizing the essential role of conditioning drum design is vital to maximizing recovery. The following covers the fundamentals of designing a potash conditioning drum that performs not only effectively, but consistently and reliably for the long term. Why is Demand for Conditioning Drums on the Rise? The rapidly expanding demand for minerals, coupled with advances in technology and the rising use of lower-grade ore sources, has seen the use of froth flotation in mining continue to grow, with the potash market being no exception. A recent report from Grand View Research projected a CAGR of 4. 2% from 2024 to 2030 in the flotation market. Froth flotation takes advantage of hydrophobic and hydrophilic material surface properties to separate potash from unwanted gangue.   Conditioning, also known as reagentizing, is an essential step in maximizing potash recovery during froth flotation; by combining reagents with the mineral pulp, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties can be enhanced, improving separation efficiency. Coarse and fine ore particles are conditioned separately, as the fine ore fraction would otherwise consume the majority of the reagents. Although the fine ore fraction can be conditioned in various types of equipment, the coarse ore fraction requires a more robust solution. For this, the mining... --- ### The Benefits of Pre-Conditioning Your Material > Pre-conditioning material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. - Published: 2025-02-20 - Modified: 2025-03-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/benefits-preconditioning-material/ - Categories: Agglomeration - Tags: Article, Equipment, Pin Mixer, Pugmill Mixer, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Chris, Carrie When considering an industrial agglomeration solution for a material, most focus is placed on what agglomeration equipment will yield the desired characteristics of the final product. While these are vital primary considerations, an equally important concern should be how to pre-condition a material for the desired agglomeration process. Pre-conditioning is essential, because it prepares material for other processing steps, and in doing so, assists in creating the best final product possible. Pre-Conditioning Benefits Many different materials benefit from pre-conditioning - even material that does not undergo agglomeration. Besides creating an optimal final product, pre-conditioning provides the following advantages in a pelletizing plant: Easier Processing and Handling Each step in the agglomeration process works to make the next step easier. Pre-conditioned material provides an early advantage to the entire process, resulting in easier handling for all subsequent steps. Improved Product Control Pre-conditioned material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. In fact, numerous issues can be avoided by gaining greater control of the overall size of the material. For example, size control can reduce excessive recycle of small (unders) or large (overs) pellets. This improved control ultimately results in a better final product. Increased Production By creating an easy-to-handle material, pre-conditioning creates a consistent feedstock, permitting increased production rates versus an unconditioned material. Pre-Conditioning Equipment Once the final product result is determined, the required level of pre-conditioning should be evaluated in order to ensure a material will achieve the desired results. In addition to being able to... --- ### The Benefits of Pre-Conditioning Your Material > Pre-conditioning material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. - Published: 2025-02-20 - Modified: 2025-03-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/benefits-preconditioning-material/ - Categories: Agglomeration - Tags: Article, Equipment, Pin Mixer, Pugmill Mixer, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Chris, Carrie When considering an industrial agglomeration solution for a material, most focus is placed on what agglomeration equipment will yield the desired characteristics of the final product. While these are vital primary considerations, an equally important concern should be how to pre-condition a material for the desired agglomeration process. Pre-conditioning is essential, because it prepares material for other processing steps, and in doing so, assists in creating the best final product possible. Pre-Conditioning Benefits Many different materials benefit from pre-conditioning - even material that does not undergo agglomeration. Besides creating an optimal final product, pre-conditioning provides the following advantages in a pelletizing plant: Easier Processing and Handling Each step in the agglomeration process works to make the next step easier. Pre-conditioned material provides an early advantage to the entire process, resulting in easier handling for all subsequent steps. Improved Product Control Pre-conditioned material enhances size control and the ability to create a uniform product. In fact, numerous issues can be avoided by gaining greater control of the overall size of the material. For example, size control can reduce excessive recycle of small (unders) or large (overs) pellets. This improved control ultimately results in a better final product. Increased Production By creating an easy-to-handle material, pre-conditioning creates a consistent feedstock, permitting increased production rates versus an unconditioned material. Pre-Conditioning Equipment Once the final product result is determined, the required level of pre-conditioning should be evaluated in order to ensure a material will achieve the desired results. In addition to being able to... --- ### Fluid Bed Dryer Design: A Beginner’s Guide > Dive in to the importance of designing a fluid bed dryer for its intended application, essential material characteristics, and key design considerations. - Published: 2025-02-20 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryer-design-a-beginners-guide/ - Categories: Fluid Bed Dryer - Authors: walter, Carrie Fluid bed dryers are one of the most popular types of industrial dryers, and for good reason: their high rate of heat transfer, paired with their wide applicability and small footprint, makes them favorable in a range of different production settings.   Acquiring a fluid bed dryer that consistently meets both product and process goals, however, can be a challenge. The following looks at the importance of tailoring fluid bed dryer design to the material’s unique characteristics, and how those characteristics influence unit design.   Why Proper Fluid Bed Dryer Design is Essential While fluid bed dryers are capable of processing a wide array of materials, their success  hinges on tailoring the equipment’s design to the specific characteristics of the material being processed.   A fluid bed dryer not designed around feedstock qualities typically results in: An inability to meet rated capacity Inconsistent product quality and/or product loss Frequent process upsets Excessive downtime for cleanout Unnecessarily high energy consumption Pretreatment Requirements As the fluid bed dryer must be designed around the material to be processed, one of the first and most critical aspects of the design process is establishing the feedstock parameters for optimal drying. Unfortunately, material pretreatment requirements are often widely underestimated when it comes to drying, causing many headaches on the production line.   Fluid bed dryers are highly sensitive to fluctuations in feedstock parameters such as moisture content, particle size distribution, shape, etc. Any change in feedstock is likely to result in a process upset, so material... --- ### Bucket Elevator Maintenance: Best Practices > Bucket elevators play a critical role in bulk material handling, but their efficiency and longevity depend on proper maintenance practices. - Published: 2025-02-13 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-maintenance-best-practices/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Authors: DanB, Carrie Bucket elevators are essential to bulk material handling operations, efficiently transporting materials vertically. However, their performance and longevity depend on proper maintenance procedures. This article explores key best practices in bucket elevator maintenance, focusing on belt/chain tension, casing alignment, and throat plate adjustment. Following these guidelines helps maximize efficiency, reduce downtime, and extend equipment lifespan. Ensure Proper Belt/Chain Tension Proper tension of the belt or chain is critical to operational efficiency and equipment longevity. Adequate tension promotes smooth movement, prevents slippage, and reduces wear on the elevator’s mechanical components.   Proper belt or chain tension requires finding the right balance. Tension should be tight enough that buckets don’t “bounce,” but loose enough so as not to put undue stress on the head and boot shafts. It is not uncommon to over-tension the belt or chain in response to slippage or other production challenges, but this leads to excessive wear on the belt/chain and pulleys/sprockets.   At the same time, under-tensioning the belt or chain presents different risks, with potential issues in the form of belt slippage, reduced material throughput, and an increased chance of misalignment or chain derailment. An under-tensioned belt or chain often leads to frequent shutdowns. In either case, the result is likely to yield increased downtime, lower efficiency, and higher maintenance costs, making proper tension essential. Signs of Improper Belt/Chain Tension Signs of improper belt or chain tension include buckets “bouncing” around and potentially hitting the casing interior (indicating tension is too loose). Accelerated wear and/or failure... --- ### New Institute for Safe Tailings Management, Call for Improved Nitrogen Management, and a New Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst > News from the mining, chemical and fertilizer industries. - Published: 2025-02-06 - Modified: 2025-02-03 - URL: https://feeco.com/new-institute-for-safe-tailings-management-call-for-improved-nitrogen-management-and-a-new-ammonia-synthesis-catalyst/ - Categories: Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Deloitte Releases Annual Mining Industry Trends Report Professional services firm Deloitte has released their annual Tracking the Trends report, laying out the top ten trends affecting the mining and metals industry. Among them are the need for a new style of leadership, AI in mineral exploration, and challenges in scaling progress toward net-zero. Explore the trends >> New Institute Focused on Safe Tailings Management The Global Tailings Management Institute, a non-profit, multi-stakeholder governed organization, was officially launched in January. The group will work to improve the safety of mine tailings facilities around the world, with a goal of achieving zero harm to the environment and people, through independent assessments, audits, and certifications. Updates in Fertilizer FAO Report Calls for Improved Nitrogen Management A new report from the FAO emphasizes the need for sustainable nitrogen management in agricultural practices. While the organization hails the pivotal role nitrogen plays in feeding the world, it calls for action to limit poor nitrogen management, which has deleterious effects on humans and the environment. In addition to laying out the issues, the report also explores a systematic approach toward improved management. Updates in Chemical A Turnaround for the Chemical Industry Martha Gilchrist Moore, Chief Economist at the American Chemistry Council, expects 2025 to bring some relief to the industry. After several years of weak demand, chemical production is expected to rise 1. 9% in the U. S. this year, thanks to easing monetary policy and increasing investment. Read more from Chemical Processing... --- ### A Look at Modern Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods > Learn how advanced rotary kiln alignment techniques can save time, money, and major equipment headaches. - Published: 2025-01-30 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/a-look-at-modern-rotary-kiln-alignment-methods/ - Categories: Laser Alignment, Rotary Kilns, Service & Maintenance - Tags: Aftermarket, Article, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: craig, Carrie Recent advancements have made rotary kiln alignment methods faster and more effective than ever. Misalignment is one of the most common (and most treatable) causes of rotary kiln damage. Alignment touches all components of a rotary kiln, with misalignment promoting wear on all parts. In addition to increased wear, problems resulting from misalignment have the potential to escalate into major damage and even premature equipment failure, making proper kiln alignment a top priority. Improved Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods Routinely inspecting your rotary kiln to assess alignment should be part of your regular maintenance program in order to maintain operational efficiency and prolong the life of the kiln. Any alignment issues should addressed promptly. Many kiln alignment methods exist on the market today. However, they all work to achieve the same goal: align the trunnion wheels with the centerline of the drum in accordance with the overall slope of the drum. This ensures that the entire load of the kiln is distributed evenly across all components, promoting balanced, efficient operation and the least amount of wear possible. Rotary kiln alignment methods have come a long way in the recent past. The traditional method of alignment involves hand measuring various points and then using a variety of calculations to determine the adjustments needed. This process is effective, but slow, and ripe with potential for error. Although this method is still widely used today, new laser tracking systems have taken alignments to a new level, making precision alignment faster and more accurate than... --- ### A Look at Modern Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods > Learn how advanced rotary kiln alignment techniques can save time, money, and major equipment headaches. - Published: 2025-01-30 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/a-look-at-modern-rotary-kiln-alignment-methods/ - Categories: Laser Alignment, Rotary Kilns, Service & Maintenance - Tags: Aftermarket, Article, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: craig, Carrie Recent advancements have made rotary kiln alignment methods faster and more effective than ever. Misalignment is one of the most common (and most treatable) causes of rotary kiln damage. Alignment touches all components of a rotary kiln, with misalignment promoting wear on all parts. In addition to increased wear, problems resulting from misalignment have the potential to escalate into major damage and even premature equipment failure, making proper kiln alignment a top priority. Improved Rotary Kiln Alignment Methods Routinely inspecting your rotary kiln to assess alignment should be part of your regular maintenance program in order to maintain operational efficiency and prolong the life of the kiln. Any alignment issues should addressed promptly. Many kiln alignment methods exist on the market today. However, they all work to achieve the same goal: align the trunnion wheels with the centerline of the drum in accordance with the overall slope of the drum. This ensures that the entire load of the kiln is distributed evenly across all components, promoting balanced, efficient operation and the least amount of wear possible. Rotary kiln alignment methods have come a long way in the recent past. The traditional method of alignment involves hand measuring various points and then using a variety of calculations to determine the adjustments needed. This process is effective, but slow, and ripe with potential for error. Although this method is still widely used today, new laser tracking systems have taken alignments to a new level, making precision alignment faster and more accurate than... --- ### Bucket Elevator Basics > Learn the basics of bucket elevators, including their design, types, and how they efficiently move bulk materials vertically in industrial settings - Published: 2025-01-23 - Modified: 2025-03-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-basics/ - Categories: Bucket Elevators, Material Handling - Tags: Article, Bucket Elevator, Equipment - Authors: DanB If material needs to be moved vertically, chances are a bucket elevator is the ideal solution for the job. In fact, the versatility and configurability of this equipment make bucket elevators a common bulk material handling system in a number of different industries. What follows covers the basic operation of bucket elevators and their different styles, as well as the industries and applications in which they are and are not a fit. Bucket Elevator Operation In simple terms, bucket elevators vertically convey bulk materials using buckets attached to a belt or chain, which rotates around two pulleys. The buckets pick up material in the boot section, carry it to the top of the elevator (the head section), discharge material, and finally, return to the starting point to pick up a new load. This 3D rendering of a FEECO bucket elevator illustrates the basic configuration of a belt bucket elevator. Close-ups of the head and boot section cutaways are shown below. Bucket elevator head section Bucket elevator boot section with take-up assembly Bucket elevator configurations are engineered based on the application, material, required horsepower, and elevator height. Configuration options include centrifugal or continuous bucket elevators, with both models including belt and chain options. Centrifugal Bucket Elevators A centrifugal bucket elevator employs centrifugal force to throw material out of the buckets as they travel over the head pulley or sprocket. This type of bucket elevator operates at a higher speed and utilizes buckets spaced further apart compared to continuous bucket elevators. The... --- ### Bucket Elevator Basics > Learn the basics of bucket elevators, including their design, types, and how they efficiently move bulk materials vertically in industrial settings - Published: 2025-01-23 - Modified: 2025-03-07 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-basics/ - Categories: Bucket Elevators, Material Handling - Tags: Article, Bucket Elevator, Equipment - Authors: DanB If material needs to be moved vertically, chances are a bucket elevator is the ideal solution for the job. In fact, the versatility and configurability of this equipment make bucket elevators a common bulk material handling system in a number of different industries. What follows covers the basic operation of bucket elevators and their different styles, as well as the industries and applications in which they are and are not a fit. Bucket Elevator Operation In simple terms, bucket elevators vertically convey bulk materials using buckets attached to a belt or chain, which rotates around two pulleys. The buckets pick up material in the boot section, carry it to the top of the elevator (the head section), discharge material, and finally, return to the starting point to pick up a new load. This 3D rendering of a FEECO bucket elevator illustrates the basic configuration of a belt bucket elevator. Close-ups of the head and boot section cutaways are shown below. Bucket elevator head section Bucket elevator boot section with take-up assembly Bucket elevator configurations are engineered based on the application, material, required horsepower, and elevator height. Configuration options include centrifugal or continuous bucket elevators, with both models including belt and chain options. Centrifugal Bucket Elevators A centrifugal bucket elevator employs centrifugal force to throw material out of the buckets as they travel over the head pulley or sprocket. This type of bucket elevator operates at a higher speed and utilizes buckets spaced further apart compared to continuous bucket elevators. The... --- ### Question of the Week: What is Rotary Kiln Refractory? > Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from the high internal temperatures. - Published: 2025-01-17 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/question-week-rotary-kiln-refractory/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Question of the Week - Authors: jenny Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from high internal temperatures; they also function to maintain heat retention. Many types of refractory exist, with the most common options being brick or castable. Brick is typically used for abrasive material processing, because it is more wear resistant. While castable and brick are comparable in price for similar refractory compositions, the installation cost of brick is higher because it is more labor intensive. In general, the refractory selection is dependent on the kiln temperature, material chemistry, and how abrasive the material is. For more information on refractory, or other rotary kiln components, download our e-book, or contact a FEECO expert today! --- ### Question of the Week: What is Rotary Kiln Refractory? > Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from the high internal temperatures. - Published: 2025-01-17 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://feeco.com/question-week-rotary-kiln-refractory/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Question of the Week - Authors: jenny Refractory is specific to direct-fired rotary kilns, insulating and protecting the shell of the drum from high internal temperatures; they also function to maintain heat retention. Many types of refractory exist, with the most common options being brick or castable. Brick is typically used for abrasive material processing, because it is more wear resistant. While castable and brick are comparable in price for similar refractory compositions, the installation cost of brick is higher because it is more labor intensive. In general, the refractory selection is dependent on the kiln temperature, material chemistry, and how abrasive the material is. For more information on refractory, or other rotary kiln components, download our e-book, or contact a FEECO expert today! --- ### Challenges in Limestone Processing > Find out how to overcome challenges in limestone processing to ensure consistent quality and optimal performance. - Published: 2025-01-16 - Modified: 2025-04-02 - URL: https://feeco.com/challenges-limestone-processing/ - Categories: Limestone, Agglomeration, Lab - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Innovation Center, Mining & Minerals - Authors: Chris, Carrie Limestone processing equipment plays a critical role in transforming quarried limestone into a variety of valuable products, but the material’s diverse characteristics often present unique challenges in production.   From its variable chemical composition to its tendency for buildup and abrasion, limestone can complicate operations if not properly managed. Understanding these challenges and how to address them is essential for optimizing efficiency and ensuring high-quality results. The following explores the key characteristics of limestone that influence processing and the strategies and equipment modifications that can help overcome these hurdles. Common Limestone Processing Challenges Varying Chemical Composition Limestone’s chemical composition can vary significantly from source to source, and even within the same deposit. The mineral is frequently accompanied by impurities such as SiO2, Al2O3, and MgCO3. 1 The incredible diversity limestone deposits exhibit often make for challenging and unpredictable processing conditions, regardless of the type of process objective undertaken. Varying Physical Properties In addition to varying chemical composition, limestone can also vary significantly in physical properties such as moisture content, grain size, density, and more. As with chemical composition, this can also vary across sources of limestone and within the same source.   Addressing Limestone Variation This variation in both chemical and physical properties is perhaps limestone’s most challenging quality, because it creates a high level of unpredictability.   For this reason, process development testing is frequently necessary to establish a baseline of parameters for the given source to be processed. Testing also helps to work out the process and equipment... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Argentina’s Copper Under Focus, A Booming Nano Fertilizer Market, and an Economic Approach to Polymers from Methane > Argentina's copper focus and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - Published: 2025-01-09 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-argentinas-copper-under-focus-a-booming-nano-fertilizer-market-and-an-economic-approach-to-polymers-from-methane/ - Categories: Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Investors Look at Argentina Copper  The ongoing surge in copper demand is finally seeing investors consider Argentina’s red metal resources more feasible, according to Financial Times. Despite neighboring Chile serving as the world’s largest copper producer, various challenges have largely kept investors from developing Argentina’s many greenfield projects, but the rising need for copper looks to be changing that. Global Coal Demand to Reach All-Time High, Says IEA The International Energy Agency (IEA) has released findings that say 2024 will see an all-time high for global coal demand, landing at an expected 8. 77 billion tons. The agency anticipates that 2024 electricity generation from coal will reach 10,700 terawatt-hours (TWh). China Bans Export of Critical Minerals to U. S. After another move by Washington to crack down on China’s chip sector, trade tensions continue to escalate, with China banning exports of critical minerals gallium, germanium, and antimony to the United States. These minerals are recognized for their essential role in military applications. Read more from Reuters >> Western Australia Gives Lithium a Boost Western Australia is looking to give lithium miners a boost with the government’s new Lithium Industry Support program. This will include the waiving of various fees associated with downstream processing, port charges, and more. “This package will provide important temporary and responsible support for WA's fledgling lithium industry, taking into account the extremely challenging market conditions it is facing,” Premier Roger Cook said in a statement. New Strategy on Critical Minerals Expected From the... --- ### Key Factors in Building a Quality Bucket Elevator That Lasts > Building a quality bucket elevator requires more than just robust materials and skilled fabrication; it demands a dedication to stringent quality standards. - Published: 2025-01-02 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/key-factors-in-building-a-quality-bucket-elevator-that-lasts/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Authors: DanB, Carrie Building a quality bucket elevator that lasts requires more than just robust materials and skilled fabrication; it demands a dedication to stringent quality standards at every step of the process. At FEECO International, we understand that quality is the key to achieving lasting, high-performance equipment. This article explores the essential elements that go into a quality bucket elevator, and how rigorous standards ensure reliable, long-term performance. Consequences of Poor Bucket Elevator Quality From aggregates to fine chemicals, elevators provide reliable vertical conveying that is critical to moving material around a processing facility. Many elevators are expected to operate 24/7 in harsh conditions and last for decades. In these settings, quality is the foundation of an elevator that:  Can meet capacity requirements. Will run smoothly without interference. Is appropriate for the level of duty associated with the application. Has a maximum service life when properly maintained. Will experience minimal downtime. Whether through poor design or inferior build, a low-quality bucket elevator can create a host of problems that ultimately increase cost of ownership and chip away at the bottom line. Failure to adhere to key quality standards can lead to: Increased Maintenance and Repair Costs A machine that requires constant maintenance and component replacement increases both maintenance and labor costs. Downtime and Production Losses Low-quality elevators often require more downtime or may not be able to reach rated capacity, putting production schedules at risk.   Retrofitting and Replacement Needs  Depending on the cause and extent of the issues resulting from poor... --- ### Identifying and Resolving Common Fluid Bed Dryer Issues > Discover how to identify and resolve common fluid bed dryer issues like poor fluidization to enhance drying efficiency and product quality. - Published: 2024-12-19 - Modified: 2025-04-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/identifying-and-resolving-common-fluid-bed-dryer-issues/ - Categories: Fluid Bed Dryer, Thermal Processing - Authors: walter, Carrie Fluid bed dryers offer an effective approach to reducing moisture in bulk solids, leveraging fluidization to achieve uniform drying and high efficiency. However, achieving optimal performance in these systems requires careful consideration of design and operation. Issues such as poor fluidization, excessive fine particle loss, and challenges with sticky materials can impact product quality and process efficiency, often requiring adjustments in equipment design, material pretreatment, and operational practices. This guide addresses common challenges encountered in fluid bed drying and provides strategies for diagnosing and addressing each issue effectively. Poor Fluidization Poor fluidization, or the lack of adequate fluidization can be common when working with fluid bed dryers, especially in settings where the material is less-than-flowable.   Signs of Poor Fluidization Poor fluidization may or may not be apparent, but most often presents itself as material clumping or channeling in the bed. Similarly, if one section of the bed remains stationary while others are dynamic, this also indicates poor fluidization.   Unevenly dried product can also be indicative of a potential issue with fluidization, as the air is not able to access all potentially available surface area during drying.   What Causes Poor Fluidization?   While poor fluidization could be the result of inadequate design, in most cases, it can be tied directly to the material going into the dryer.   The fluidization process is most effective when material characteristics such as particle size, moisture content, and shape (among other parameters), are uniform. Thus, adequate material pretreatment is often a critical... --- ### Fluid Bed Drying: A Guide to Regime Selection > Explore how different fluid bed drying regimes affect performance and efficiency, and select the best one for your process. - Published: 2024-12-12 - Modified: 2025-02-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-drying-a-guide-to-regime-selection/ - Categories: Thermal Processing, Fluid Bed Dryer - Authors: walter, Carrie In engineering a fluid bed dryer, one of the most critical aspects to consider is the fluidization regime, or what can be considered the pattern of material fluidization. With several flow regimes possible and each having a significant impact on the efficiency, rate, and consistency of drying, it’s important to understand these different regimes and how they influence both the physical and chemical properties of the material being dried. The following covers the key regimes commonly observed in fluid bed drying, along with how each one affects the drying process. The image above, taken during testing in the FEECO Innovation Center, illustrates fluidization between the fast and turbulent regimes.   Fluidization Regimes The different regimes or material flow patterns possible in a fluidized bed dryer can be described as a progression, with each phase more turbulent than the last as air flow velocity is increased.   Ideal drying occurs when the material is running above minimum fluidization but below terminal velocity (the point at which solids will be blown out of the dryer), with several regimes in between.   The terms “dense” and “dilute” are often used to describe the material bed as it moves through these stages; the bed starts out dense, becoming increasingly more dilute as particles disperse into the air. It’s important to recognize that while many regimes are recognized, there is not a clear division between each regime, as the bed is always in motion. Some regimes may also be considered transitional regimes. It’s also important... --- ### The Role of Mass and Energy Balance in Rotary Kiln Design and Beyond > Discover how mass and energy balance play a critical role in rotary kiln design, helping to optimize efficiency and performance. - Published: 2024-12-05 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-role-of-mass-and-energy-balance-in-rotary-kiln-design-and-beyond/ - Categories: Thermal Processing, Rotary Kilns - Authors: alex, Carrie A mass and energy balance, also known as a heat and mass balance (HMB), is a critical step in the rotary kiln design process. Unbeknownst to many, however, it can provide significant value beyond the design process as well, helping buyers to estimate operating costs, anticipate maintenance needs, and plan for many other essential aspects associated with building a rotary kiln plant. The information below covers the basics on this key procedure and how it provides value to both manufacturers and system buyers.   What is a Mass and Energy Balance?   Part of the front end engineering design (FEED) for any thermal process, the mass and energy balance lays the engineering groundwork for equipment sizing and energy requirements by quantifying the flow of mass and energy and showing where and at what temperatures reactions and heat losses occur.   Developed using a series of calculations, the balance takes various aspects of the material and process into consideration, including combustion, heat transfer, chemical reactions, and material phase changes. By performing a heat and mass balance, engineers are able to theoretically determine several key criteria of the system: The amount of heat entering and exiting the kiln Temperature profiles throughout the process The composition of material at different stages and temperatures of the process The energy required to reach each stage of reaction How the Energy and Mass Balance Informs Kiln Design By establishing fundamentals such as the energy required, the amount of heat entering and exiting the kiln, etc. ,... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Copper From Algae, Improvements in Zinc Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Extracting Value From Wastewater > Copper from algae and other updates timely updates from the mining, fertilizer, and chemical industries. - Published: 2024-11-28 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-copper-from-algae-improvements-in-zinc-nutrient-use-efficiency-and-extracting-value-from-wastewater/ - Categories: Uncategorized - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Chinese Copper Smelters to Lower Output Chinese copper smelters are expected to reduce production or extend maintenance in 2025 to cope with a major shortage of copper concentrate, according to Mining Weekly. The anticipated one million metric ton shortage is the result of global mine disruptions and rising smelter capacity and could see China’s copper smelting to drop to as low as 75% usage capacity.   Critical Mineral Shortages Stifling Energy Transition Challenges in getting critical minerals are putting the global energy transition at risk according to new research from GlobalData. Mineral depletion, resource distribution, geopolitical tensions, and other factors are creating roadblocks in the face of unprecedented demand and hampering energy transition efforts. China Adds to Gold Reserves China has found gold reserves in Hunan worth nearly $83 billion, Reuters reports. Hunan Academy of Geology unearthed more than 40 gold ore veins in Pingjiang county, with the highest grade reaching 138 grams per metric ton. Copper From Algae CIM Magazine is reporting on exciting research out of Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, where researchers are collaborating with copper extraction company Destiny Copper to study the extraction of copper from algal blooms in Lake Erie. The group is trialing various extraction methods, both physical and chemical. While the work is still in the early stages, researchers are hoping they can develop a viable source of copper for industry and expand the same approach to other metals. Updates in Fertilizer India to Stop Urea Imports in Favor... --- ### Bucket Elevator Operation: Best Practices > Learn best practices for bucket elevator operation to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity in bulk material handling systems. - Published: 2024-11-21 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-operation-best-practices/ - Categories: Bucket Elevators, Material Handling - Authors: DanB, Carrie Bucket elevators are a critical component in many bulk material handling processes, designed to move materials vertically with efficiency and reliability. To ensure optimal performance, reduce downtime, and extend the life of this equipment, it’s essential for operators to follow specific best practices. From maintaining correct tension in belts or chains to adhering to manufacturer guidelines, these practices not only keep the elevator running smoothly but also enhance safety in the work environment. In this article, we will explore some of the most important operational tips that operators should implement for the effective and safe operation of bucket elevators. Monitor Belt or Chain Tension Maintaining the correct tension in the belt or chain is vital for smooth bucket elevator operation. Loose tension can lead to slippage, inefficient material handling, and premature wear, while excessive tension can stress components and lead to breakdowns. Regularly inspect and adjust tension according to manufacturer guidelines.   Monitor Throat Plate Position The bucket elevator’s throat plate controls the material discharge path, affecting the flow and ideally, minimizing recirculation. Misaligned or poorly adjusted throat plates can result in material buildup, inefficient discharge, or damage to the buckets. Regularly observe material discharge and make adjustments as needed to promote uniform material flow from the elevator. A bucket discharges into the throat plate/discharge chute Don’t Overload Buckets Overloading of buckets is perhaps one of the most common issues seen in elevators, with the desire to increase bucket elevator capacity often leading to increasing bucket fill. While bucket fill... --- ### R&D Around Catalyst Manufacturing Sees Growth > Explore the factors pushing demand for catalyst advancements, as well as R&D testing options in the FEECO Innovation Center. - Published: 2024-11-14 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rd-around-catalyst-manufacturing-sees-growth/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Calcination, catalyst, Chemical Processing, Disc Pelletizers - Tags: Article, Disc Pelletizer, Innovation Center, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex, Carrie As the role of catalysts in industry continues to grow, catalyst manufacturing research and development continues to rise. In this effort, the FEECO Innovation Center serves as a critical testing environment for producers looking to improve existing products or develop new ones. The following looks at the factors pushing demand for this type of work, as well as the capabilities the Innovation Center lends to catalyst manufacturers. Factors Driving Catalyst Demand Catalysts are an invaluable tool in many industrial processes, helping to facilitate reactions between materials. They are so important in fact, that some experts estimate they are responsible for 85-90% of products in the chemical industry. Like many industries, a complex relationship between many factors is responsible for driving the demand for catalysts. Some of these factors include: Growth in Applications As such a valuable tool, catalysts continue to see growth in the applications in which they are employed. One sector that is especially suited to demand growth is the use of catalysts in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, where catalysts play a critical role in selective synthesis. The ongoing expansion of developing countries and regions further pushes industrial growth, thereby increasing demand for more catalysts. One industry in which this is particularly exemplified is petroleum refining – the industry currently responsible for the largest demand on catalysts. Increasing refinery capacity and fuel requirements are driving an increase in demand growth. Increased Focus on Sustainability An increased focus on sustainability has prompted a surge in environmental regulation... --- ### R&D Around Catalyst Manufacturing Sees Growth > Explore the factors pushing demand for catalyst advancements, as well as R&D testing options in the FEECO Innovation Center. - Published: 2024-11-14 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rd-around-catalyst-manufacturing-sees-growth/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Calcination, catalyst, Chemical Processing, Disc Pelletizers - Tags: Article, Disc Pelletizer, Innovation Center, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex, Carrie As the role of catalysts in industry continues to grow, catalyst manufacturing research and development continues to rise. In this effort, the FEECO Innovation Center serves as a critical testing environment for producers looking to improve existing products or develop new ones. The following looks at the factors pushing demand for this type of work, as well as the capabilities the Innovation Center lends to catalyst manufacturers. Factors Driving Catalyst Demand Catalysts are an invaluable tool in many industrial processes, helping to facilitate reactions between materials. They are so important in fact, that some experts estimate they are responsible for 85-90% of products in the chemical industry. Like many industries, a complex relationship between many factors is responsible for driving the demand for catalysts. Some of these factors include: Growth in Applications As such a valuable tool, catalysts continue to see growth in the applications in which they are employed. One sector that is especially suited to demand growth is the use of catalysts in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, where catalysts play a critical role in selective synthesis. The ongoing expansion of developing countries and regions further pushes industrial growth, thereby increasing demand for more catalysts. One industry in which this is particularly exemplified is petroleum refining – the industry currently responsible for the largest demand on catalysts. Increasing refinery capacity and fuel requirements are driving an increase in demand growth. Increased Focus on Sustainability An increased focus on sustainability has prompted a surge in environmental regulation... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Lithium Under Arkansas, A Stabilizing Potash Market, and Longer-Range EVs > Longer-range electric vehicles (EVs) and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - Published: 2024-11-07 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-lithium-under-arkansas-a-stabilizing-potash-market-and-longer-range-evs/ - Categories: FEECO News - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Alumina Price Continues to Rise The price tag on alumina, the base material for aluminum production, went up more than 20% in the last month, causing a stir in the market, according to a Bloomberg-authored article on Mining. com. The price hike is the result of several supply disruptions, the latest concerning bauxite exports from Guinea. Buyers are clamoring for supplies of this vital material as prices continue to climb. Machine Learning Reveals Significant Lithium Under Arkansas Researchers from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Arkansas Department of Energy Environment’s Office of the State Geologist used machine learning in combination with water testing to estimate the existence of a massive amount of lithium in the state’s Smackover Formation. Their findings estimate between five and 19 million tons of lithium reserves, which, if commercially recoverable, would meet projected lithium demand for EVs nine times over. Read the press release >>. Copper Faces Growing Competition from Aluminum A growing number of companies are substituting copper wire with aluminum in the face of rising copper prices, according to Mining Weekly and Reuters. Aluminum, which also conducts electricity, can be secured at a significantly lower cost. “In the high voltage submarine cables connecting the power grids between countries, we expect those to stay copper, but almost everything else is up for grabs,” stated CRU analyst Aisling Hubert at a recent event. Uranium on the Rise Uranium continues to make headlines in the mining industry as the surge in AI... --- ### Co-Current Vs. Counter Current: Kiln Air Flow > Learn how co-current and counter-current air flow configurations affect material processing and energy consumption in rotary kilns. - Published: 2024-10-31 - Modified: 2025-04-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/co-current-vs-counter-current-kiln-air-flow/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex Many factors are taken into consideration when designing a rotary kiln. Each affects the ability to produce a desired chemical reaction/phase change in an efficient manner. Characteristics such as bulk density, specific heat, and flowability, among others, all interact to influence how the material will respond to processing, and subsequently, how the kiln will need to be designed around those characteristics to produce the desired result. One critical factor in designing a rotary kiln is the air flow configuration, or the direction in which the process gas flows through the kiln in relation to the material. Rotary Kiln Air Flow Configurations Direct-fired rotary kilns are available in two types of air flow configurations: co-current and counter current. Both options have been developed through extensive research and development in order to maximize the thermal efficiency of the process. During the design process, the selection of which air flow configuration will best suit the application is based on the material’s properties, as well as overall process requirements. Because of this, it is important to understand how each air flow option functions to fully understand the benefits each has to offer. Co-Current Air Flow Illustration of co-current air flow in a rotary kiln Co-current air flow, which is also referred to as parallel flow, occurs when the products of combustion flow in the same direction as the material. This immediately puts the coldest material in contact with the hottest gas in the kiln, resulting in a rapid initial temperature change. For this reason,... --- ### Co-Current Vs. Counter Current: Kiln Air Flow > Learn how co-current and counter-current air flow configurations affect material processing and energy consumption in rotary kilns. - Published: 2024-10-31 - Modified: 2025-04-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/co-current-vs-counter-current-kiln-air-flow/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex Many factors are taken into consideration when designing a rotary kiln. Each affects the ability to produce a desired chemical reaction/phase change in an efficient manner. Characteristics such as bulk density, specific heat, and flowability, among others, all interact to influence how the material will respond to processing, and subsequently, how the kiln will need to be designed around those characteristics to produce the desired result. One critical factor in designing a rotary kiln is the air flow configuration, or the direction in which the process gas flows through the kiln in relation to the material. Rotary Kiln Air Flow Configurations Direct-fired rotary kilns are available in two types of air flow configurations: co-current and counter current. Both options have been developed through extensive research and development in order to maximize the thermal efficiency of the process. During the design process, the selection of which air flow configuration will best suit the application is based on the material’s properties, as well as overall process requirements. Because of this, it is important to understand how each air flow option functions to fully understand the benefits each has to offer. Co-Current Air Flow Illustration of co-current air flow in a rotary kiln Co-current air flow, which is also referred to as parallel flow, occurs when the products of combustion flow in the same direction as the material. This immediately puts the coldest material in contact with the hottest gas in the kiln, resulting in a rapid initial temperature change. For this reason,... --- ### Rotary Drums for Incipient Wetness Impregnation of Catalysts > Discover how rotary drums optimize the incipient wetness impregnation process, ensuring even liquid distribution for catalyst manufacturing. - Published: 2024-10-24 - Modified: 2025-02-14 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drums-for-incipient-wetness-impregnation-of-catalysts/ - Categories: Rotary Drum, catalyst - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary drums have long been a cornerstone in catalyst manufacturing, particularly for incipient wetness impregnation—a critical step in catalyst preparation. FEECO International, a leader in custom rotary drum design and manufacturing, has extensive experience in engineering equipment that delivers precision, efficiency, and customization. Combined with the advanced testing capabilities found in the FEECO Innovation Center, we provide catalyst producers with a trusted partner in scaling up impregnation processes for commercial production. In this article, we’ll explore why rotary drums are the preferred choice for impregnation and how the FEECO Innovation Center supports the development and optimization of these systems for catalyst manufacturers. About Incipient Wetness Impregnation Most heterogeneous catalysts are produced via impregnation, in which the active catalytic component is overlaid onto an already-formed solid support material, making the process one of the most critical steps in catalyst preparation.   Also known as pore volume or dry impregnation, incipient wetness refers to the specific technique of spraying a solvent containing the active catalytic component onto a solid support material, the solvent containing just enough of the active component to fill up the pore volume and achieve the desired loading.   Support porosity and solution concentration are key factors in determining how much activated component is adsorbed by the support. The pre-formed support, which may be produced through various process techniques, can be produced in a myriad of shapes. Spherical granules produced via pelletizing can offer a particular advantage to the incipient wetness impregnation technique, promoting a more uniform distribution of the... --- ### Catalyst Pelletizing for Enhanced Performance and Longevity > Discover how spherical catalysts produced through pelletizing can offer significant advantages across a range of catalytic processes. - Published: 2024-10-17 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/catalyst-pelletizing-for-enhanced-performance-and-longevity/ - Categories: Agglomeration, catalyst, Disc Pelletizers, Pin Mixers - Authors: Carrie, alex Catalyst size and shape play a crucial role in optimizing reaction efficiency. As the chemical industry pushes for more effective processes, spherical catalysts produced through pelletizing (wet granulation) have emerged as a solution with significant advantages in many settings. This article examines the importance of spherical catalysts in industrial applications, their unique benefits, and how the pelletizing process allows precise control over their critical physical properties. Why are Catalyst Size and Shape Important? In addition to a heightened focus on efficiency, many in the fine chemicals industry have or are in the process of transitioning from batch to continuous operations, resulting in greater demand for more advanced catalysts suitable to these processes. One essential aspect of this is the switch from fine powders to larger particles, which are more amenable to continuous flow and avoid the clogging that can otherwise occur with powders. These trends have opened the door to increased exploration around particle engineering for catalysis.   The size and shape of a catalyst can have a significant influence on its catalytic activity and overall performance in reactors - surface area, flow dynamics, and other critical performance factors are heavily influenced by the physical parameters of these materials. Catalyst size and shape are dependent on the type of reactor and application in which they will be employed. The size and shape of the solid requires striking a balance between two critical aspects of effectiveness; the particles must be small enough that gasses can easily move through the material bed,... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Reducing Reliance on Critical Mineral Imports, Low-Carbon Ammonia Fertilizer, and Battery Technology Advancement > Reducing reliance on critical minerals and other timely updates from the mining, fertilizer, and chemical industries - Published: 2024-10-10 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-reducing-reliance-on-critical-mineral-imports-low-carbon-ammonia-fertilizer-and-battery-technology-advancement/ - Categories: FEECO News - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining China’s Rare Earths Hold Continues China’s hold over rare earth minerals is presenting challenges to the United States’ hope to build a domestic supply chain, according to Mining Weekly. Despite billions of dollars in subsidies and loans geared toward domestic rare earth production, market conditions have largely eroded confidence in new projects. Increased supply from China, among other places, has driven down prices, causing many projects to falter. UK & Indonesia Work Together on Critical Minerals The UK and Indonesia have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) that will see the two collaborate on critical minerals, according to Mining Digital Magazine. Indonesia hosts the world’s largest source of nickel ore, among other important minerals. Britain's Development Minister Anneliese Dodds said: "This partnership puts both countries as key players in the critical minerals supply chain. " Reducing Reliance on Imports of Critical Minerals The United States Department of Energy announced $5. 5 million earmarked for six projects that will improve the nation’s domestic supply chain of critical minerals. Provided through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the funding will help to develop technologies using domestically sourced critical minerals and materials, allowing the U. S. to reduce its dependence on foreign imports of materials key to meeting long-term goals. Updates in Fertilizer An Investment in Domestic Low-Carbon Ammonia Fertilizer  The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) is looking to shore up domestic fertilizer production and curtail ammonia imports while improving air quality; according to Carbon Capture Magazine, the DOE announced a... --- ### A Detailed Look at Limestone Drying > Find out how limestone drying ensures efficient processing and handling, while preventing issues like caking and clumping. - Published: 2024-10-03 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/dry-limestone/ - Categories: Limestone, Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane Limestone drying, typically carried out in rotary dryers, is utilized throughout this industrial mineral’s lifecycle, from quarrying to finished product. The following explores why drying is essential for quality limestone, its role in production, key considerations, and the importance of testing and equipment design for a reliable drying process.   Why Dry Limestone? Whether destined for use as a fertilizer, building material, or other use, quarried limestone may go through a range of different processes to prepare the material for its end use. Drying is one of the first and most critical steps, playing an integral role in allowing limestone producers to optimize their production lines, bring a salable product to market, and ensure their products meet customer expectations.   Settings Where Limestone Drying is Necessary Depending on the end use of the limestone, drying may occur once or a few times throughout processing. The following applications are most common.   Mineral Processing Drying is often one of the first steps after quarrying, preceded only by initial crushing and sorting in many cases. By preparing the material properly from the start, manufacturers ensure improved production at every stage. Depending on the intended use of the product, a washing step may also be employed. Whether or not a washing step is employed, drying typically follows primary crushing as a way to improve downstream screening, sorting, and if applicable, fine grinding, all of which could otherwise be significantly hindered by a high-moisture material.   The moisture content of quarried limestone can vary... --- ### A Detailed Look at Limestone Drying > Find out how limestone drying ensures efficient processing and handling, while preventing issues like caking and clumping. - Published: 2024-10-03 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/dry-limestone/ - Categories: Limestone, Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane Limestone drying, typically carried out in rotary dryers, is utilized throughout this industrial mineral’s lifecycle, from quarrying to finished product. The following explores why drying is essential for quality limestone, its role in production, key considerations, and the importance of testing and equipment design for a reliable drying process.   Why Dry Limestone? Whether destined for use as a fertilizer, building material, or other use, quarried limestone may go through a range of different processes to prepare the material for its end use. Drying is one of the first and most critical steps, playing an integral role in allowing limestone producers to optimize their production lines, bring a salable product to market, and ensure their products meet customer expectations.   Settings Where Limestone Drying is Necessary Depending on the end use of the limestone, drying may occur once or a few times throughout processing. The following applications are most common.   Mineral Processing Drying is often one of the first steps after quarrying, preceded only by initial crushing and sorting in many cases. By preparing the material properly from the start, manufacturers ensure improved production at every stage. Depending on the intended use of the product, a washing step may also be employed. Whether or not a washing step is employed, drying typically follows primary crushing as a way to improve downstream screening, sorting, and if applicable, fine grinding, all of which could otherwise be significantly hindered by a high-moisture material.   The moisture content of quarried limestone can vary... --- ### Rotary Kiln Systems: Supporting Equipment > Discover the role of supporting equipment in optimizing rotary kiln operations, from material handling to exhaust gas management. - Published: 2024-09-26 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-systems-supporting-equipment/ - Categories: Rotary Calciners, Rotary Kilns - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex, Carrie Rotary kilns are used across a number of industries to cause a chemical reaction or phase change in a material. This high-temperature thermal treatment can be used to carry out a variety of different objectives, from catalyst activation to aluminum decoating. The number of applications to which rotary kiln systems can be applied continues to grow as their diverse capabilities expand into new markets. Rotary kilns do not function as a standalone unit: they are accompanied by several pieces of equipment that form a complete thermal processing system. The typical support equipment that makes up a complete kiln system is outlined below. In addition to our custom rotary kilns, FEECO can provide the listed equipment as part of a complete system. Exhaust Gas Handling Systems & Equipment All rotary kilns must be equipped with exhaust or flue gas handling equipment, sometimes referred to as a gas conditioning system. This system collects and treats (or “conditions”) any products of combustion, loss on ignition, gaseous emissions, and small particulates leaving the kiln in order to prevent air pollution and control emissions. The level of exhaust gas treatment required in a system is based on the unique emissions produced by the process, combined with local, state, and federal regulations. Exhaust gas treatment systems can differ considerably based on the level of treatment needed, with indirect rotary kilns (calciners) requiring the most minimal treatment as a result of the process gases and material being kept separate. Listed below are some of the most common... --- ### Rotary Kiln Systems: Supporting Equipment > Discover the role of supporting equipment in optimizing rotary kiln operations, from material handling to exhaust gas management. - Published: 2024-09-26 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kiln-systems-supporting-equipment/ - Categories: Rotary Calciners, Rotary Kilns - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: alex, Carrie Rotary kilns are used across a number of industries to cause a chemical reaction or phase change in a material. This high-temperature thermal treatment can be used to carry out a variety of different objectives, from catalyst activation to aluminum decoating. The number of applications to which rotary kiln systems can be applied continues to grow as their diverse capabilities expand into new markets. Rotary kilns do not function as a standalone unit: they are accompanied by several pieces of equipment that form a complete thermal processing system. The typical support equipment that makes up a complete kiln system is outlined below. In addition to our custom rotary kilns, FEECO can provide the listed equipment as part of a complete system. Exhaust Gas Handling Systems & Equipment All rotary kilns must be equipped with exhaust or flue gas handling equipment, sometimes referred to as a gas conditioning system. This system collects and treats (or “conditions”) any products of combustion, loss on ignition, gaseous emissions, and small particulates leaving the kiln in order to prevent air pollution and control emissions. The level of exhaust gas treatment required in a system is based on the unique emissions produced by the process, combined with local, state, and federal regulations. Exhaust gas treatment systems can differ considerably based on the level of treatment needed, with indirect rotary kilns (calciners) requiring the most minimal treatment as a result of the process gases and material being kept separate. Listed below are some of the most common... --- ### Material Characteristics to Consider when Pelletizing Limestone > Learn how material characteristics like moisture content and particle size impact the limestone pelletizing process and product results. - Published: 2024-09-19 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/material-characteristics-consider-pelletizing-limestone/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Limestone - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals - Authors: Chris While pelletizing limestone has become common practice for the many advantages it can offer, the process requires careful engineering to ensure a consistently reliable, continuous operation with maximum on-size yield. A number of material characteristics come into play.   The Limestone Pelletizing Process The most common setup for a limestone pelletizing plant utilizes a pin mixer and disc pelletizer combination, an approach that not only maximizes on-size yield, but also leaves producers with a highly refined product.   This type of setup relies on the principles of wet granulation, or agitation agglomeration, in which a liquid binder is employed, alongside a tumbling motion, to convert powders and fines into spherical granules in an effect similar to rolling a snowball. Although some producers may utilize a disc pelletizer alone, many have found that the benefits of adding a pin mixer to the process can quickly recover the cost of the investment. A simplified flow diagram illustrating the pin mixer - disc pelletizer setup is shown here. A simplified process flow diagram (PFD) of a typical limestone pelletizing process utilizing a pin mixer-disc pelletizer combination Material Characteristics that Influence the Limestone Pelletizing Process Optimal pellet formation and growth depend largely on achieving the right combination of parameters, with each material’s optimal combination varying considerably.   The following characteristics form the basis of any pelletizing operation, regardless of the material.   Particle Size Distribution Particle size distribution, or PSD, is highly influential in agglomeration. The distribution of particle sizes must be narrow enough... --- ### Material Characteristics to Consider when Pelletizing Limestone > Learn how material characteristics like moisture content and particle size impact the limestone pelletizing process and product results. - Published: 2024-09-19 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/material-characteristics-consider-pelletizing-limestone/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Limestone - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals - Authors: Chris While pelletizing limestone has become common practice for the many advantages it can offer, the process requires careful engineering to ensure a consistently reliable, continuous operation with maximum on-size yield. A number of material characteristics come into play.   The Limestone Pelletizing Process The most common setup for a limestone pelletizing plant utilizes a pin mixer and disc pelletizer combination, an approach that not only maximizes on-size yield, but also leaves producers with a highly refined product.   This type of setup relies on the principles of wet granulation, or agitation agglomeration, in which a liquid binder is employed, alongside a tumbling motion, to convert powders and fines into spherical granules in an effect similar to rolling a snowball. Although some producers may utilize a disc pelletizer alone, many have found that the benefits of adding a pin mixer to the process can quickly recover the cost of the investment. A simplified flow diagram illustrating the pin mixer - disc pelletizer setup is shown here. A simplified process flow diagram (PFD) of a typical limestone pelletizing process utilizing a pin mixer-disc pelletizer combination Material Characteristics that Influence the Limestone Pelletizing Process Optimal pellet formation and growth depend largely on achieving the right combination of parameters, with each material’s optimal combination varying considerably.   The following characteristics form the basis of any pelletizing operation, regardless of the material.   Particle Size Distribution Particle size distribution, or PSD, is highly influential in agglomeration. The distribution of particle sizes must be narrow enough... --- ### Rotary Dryers Key to Custom Catalyst Manufacturing > Discover how rotary dryers help fine-tune catalyst properties like porosity, moisture content, and particle strength. - Published: 2024-09-12 - Modified: 2025-04-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-key-to-custom-catalyst-manufacturing/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, catalyst - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary dryers play a crucial role in catalyst manufacturing, where the drying step is essential for ensuring the final product meets precise standards. Though often overlooked, drying significantly influences key properties like uniformity, mechanical strength, and moisture content. This article explores the importance of the drying process, the reasons for using separate drying equipment, and how rotary dryers, with their customizable features, are ideally suited to meet the diverse needs of catalyst producers. How is Drying Used in Catalyst Manufacturing?   A drying step is necessary after impregnating the catalyst substrate (support) with the active catalyst component. Drying removes the remaining solvent and helps to determine the metal distribution within the support. 1 While impregnation was traditionally thought to be the most influential step on the metal profile in catalyst preparation, researchers have found in recent years that the conditions used in the drying step can also have a significant impact. 2 Removal of the solvent causes the precursor or active catalytic component to increase in concentration, resulting in precipitation once it reaches supersaturation (precipitation may also occur as a result of dehydration, temperature, or a gas atmosphere). Precipitation can have important implications on the macroscopic distribution of the catalytic component on its substrate. 3 What are the Stages of Drying in Catalyst Preparation? The catalyst drying process is considered in three stages:4 Preheating Preheating is the first stage of drying in which the support is initially heated. During this stage, drying rate and surface-level liquid vaporization both increase as... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: China’s Latest Export Restrictions, Latest Awards for FPEP, and a “Lab Call” for Decarbonization > China's latest export restrictions and other timely updates from the mining, chemical processing and fertilizer industries. - Published: 2024-09-05 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-chinas-latest-export-restrictions-latest-awards-for-fpep-and-a-lab-call-for-decarbonization/ - Categories: Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Lithium Downturn Hitting Australia Slower-than-expected electrical vehicle adoption is hitting the lithium market in Australia particularly hard, with Arcadium the latest company to reassess operations, according to MiningWeekly. Rapid supply growth has been outpacing demand, leading to production cuts and price drops. High-costs mines are likely to bear the brunt of production cuts. New Law Could Endanger Zambian Mining Industry Zambia's proposed Minerals Regulation Commission Bill, which would allow the government to acquire shares in exploration areas before granting mining licenses, is raising concerns among mining bodies, according to Reuters. They argue the law could deter investment and jeopardize Zambia's goal of increasing annual copper output to 3 million tons, citing fears it could undermine property rights and increase investment risk. China Restricting Antimony Exports In another move aimed at restricting critical mineral shipments, China has announced they will put export restrictions on antimony, increasing the likelihood of supply disruptions significantly, according to the Center for Strategic & International Studies. Antimony is recognized for its vital role in the defense and electronics industries, going into everything from semiconductors to bullets. Updates in Fertilizer FPEP Awards More Projects More projects have been awarded funding under the Fertilizer Production Expansion Program (FPEP). U. S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced $35 million would go toward seven projects, the latest in a series of awards totalling $286. 6 million to date. “The Biden-Harris Administration continues to make innovative investments that bolster rural communities and support farmers, ranchers and small... --- ### The Essential Role of Rotary Drums in Catalyst Manufacturing > Explore the many essential roles rotary drums play in catalyst manufacturing, from mixing and impregnation to to particle shaping and calcination. - Published: 2024-08-29 - Modified: 2025-03-31 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-essential-role-of-rotary-drums-in-catalyst-manufacturing/ - Categories: Rotary Drum, catalyst - Authors: alex, Carrie In the ever-evolving catalyst industry, rotary drums stand out as indispensable equipment. These versatile machines are pivotal to various stages of the catalyst production process. More recently, they have also been employed in spent catalyst regeneration, improving both the sustainability and economics of catalytic reactions. The following covers the many different applications of rotary drums throughout catalyst manufacturing, a deep dive into how they are used in producing hydrotreating catalysts, and the benefits rotary drums bring to catalyst production lines.   The Many Roles of Rotary Drums in Catalyst Production Rotary drums are cylindrical vessels that rotate around their axis and are used in a wide range of industrial processes. In the catalyst industry, they are primarily used in the following ways: Granulation Drums For catalysts or catalyst supports (substrates) used in granular form, granulation drums facilitate granule formation and promote consistent size and shape. This uniformity is vital for the efficient packing and flow of catalysts in reactors. Coating (and Mixing) Drums In some applications, catalysts need to be coated or impregnated with a protective or functional layer. Most often, an active catalytic component (typically a metal) is impregnated onto a catalyst substrate such as silica, alumina, zeolite, or otherwise. Coating drums facilitate uniform application of coatings thanks to the tumbling bed action they employ.   Similarly, coating drums can be used to achieve homogeneous mixing of different components, providing thorough blending and ensuring catalysts meet required specifications. Coating drum in the FEECO Fabrication Center Drying Drums Drying is... --- ### Self-Supporting Bucket Elevators for Super-Capacity Needs > Explore the advantages of self-supporting bucket elevators for handling large volumes when structural steel support is not available. - Published: 2024-08-22 - Modified: 2025-04-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/self-supporting-bucket-elevators-for-super-capacity-needs/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Authors: DanB, Carrie Self-supporting bucket elevators, also known as free-standing elevators, offer an essential alternative to large super-capacity bucket elevator designs traditionally supported by structural steel.   In settings which demand several hundred tons per hour of material capacity, such as the potash industry, and where structural steel is not available, the use of FEECO’s self-supporting, large super-capacity design fills a critical gap in the bulk handling equipment market to support these extreme loads.   The following covers how these elevators work and in what situations they offer value, as well as considerations to keep in mind in the selection process.   About Self-Supporting Bucket Elevators A self-supporting elevator eliminates the need to use external structural steel to support the vertical loading, making this type of elevator ideal for outdoor applications, or those where the existing infrastructure does not permit the incorporation of the otherwise-necessary steel supports.   Self-supporting elevators are available in a wide range of configurations - belt or chain, centrifugal or continuous, etc. - and sizes. While this article is focused on super-capacity elevators, it’s important to note that lower-capacity self-supporting designs are also available.   Non-self-supporting elevators rely on external structural steel to support the bulk of the equipment and material load; bearing pads on the elevator head section are affixed to surrounding structural steel, supporting the head section and leaving the foundation with only the intermediate and boot casings to support. Since the head casing is rigidly mounted to structural steel, an expansion joint is located beneath the... --- ### Significant Cost Savings in Optimizing Catalyst Kiln Size > Understand the impact of kiln loading on efficiency and how proper sizing can enhance catalyst production processes - Published: 2024-08-15 - Modified: 2025-04-10 - URL: https://feeco.com/significant-cost-savings-in-optimizing-catalyst-kiln-size/ - Categories: Thermal Processing, catalyst, Rotary Kilns - Authors: alex, Carrie After decades of production, rotary kilns used for calcination in catalyst plants and manufacturing facilities are reaching the end of their service life.   Producers looking to replace their aging calcination equipment are quick to order a duplicate system, but what many don’t realize is that their existing kilns were originally designed to be over-size.   As a result, producers can incur substantial cost savings by optimizing the size of their replacement kiln, something FEECO has proven in a number of plants already.   FEECO Indirect Kiln Optimizing Kiln Size Through Loading Calcination plays a critical role in catalyst preparation, chemically “curing” catalysts for maximum performance in their end use. Several parameters are carefully balanced during the calcination process to ensure catalysts meet a number of predetermined quality characteristics.   One of the most influential aspects when it comes to kiln efficiency comes down to the loading, or the volume of material running through the kiln at any given time. Also referred to as material fill, loading has significant implications on the physical size of the unit. While other industries use around 10% material fill, the catalyst industry has historically used much smaller loading, around 3%, likely because the collective understanding of advanced thermal processing techniques has advanced so much over the years.   While this low-loading approach has indeed worked and produced the desired results, it is significantly inefficient; a low loading means the kiln processes less material, requiring more production hours to achieve the desired throughput.   As... --- ### FEECO Offers Bulk Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing > Dive into our bulk material handling expertise with this review of our comprehensive equipment line covering conveyors, bucket elevators, and more. - Published: 2024-08-08 - Modified: 2025-04-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/feeco-offers-bulk-material-handling-equipment-manufacturing/ - Categories: Material Handling, Belt Conveyors, Bucket Elevators, Conveyors, Shuttle Conveyors, Steep Incline Conveyors - Tags: Article, Belt Conveyor, Belt Feeder, Belt Plow, Belt Tripper, Bucket Elevator, Equipment, Shuttle Conveyor, Steep Incline Conveyor - Authors: Carrie, DanB Bulk material handling equipment ensures material can move efficiently throughout and around facilities such as fertilizer plants, mine sites, and more. This essential equipment unifies operations by connecting disparate components into seamless operation, from receiving to loadout. As part of our process equipment offerings, FEECO has been manufacturing custom bulk material handling systems since 1951, providing customers with the engineering, equipment, and service support to keep their operations running smoothly. Bulk Material Handling Equipment At Its Best From dry, dusty powders, to abrasive materials, we can accommodate nearly any handling job. All FEECO equipment is designed around the unique characteristics of the material to be transported for optimized handling, from fortifying dust containment measures, to increasing belt cleaning for challenging materials, and everything in between. Key Strengths of FEECO Equipment The bulk material handling market is incredibly diverse, with OEMs covering a range of specialties to suit the various needs required throughout the industry.   FEECO specializes in heavy-duty equipment engineered according to material handling objectives. As such, customers can rely on all FEECO equipment to meet the following criteria: Rugged materials of construction where appropriate Engineered and built according to rigorous quality standards Fabricated and assembled against tight tolerances for optimal fit and operation without interference Custom designed according to the unique characteristics of the material to be handled, as well as facility infrastructure Options in advanced controls and automation Safe and compliant with site requirements (ex. OSHA, MSHA) As a result, our equipment often brings our customers a... --- ### FEECO Offers Bulk Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing > Dive into our bulk material handling expertise with this review of our comprehensive equipment line covering conveyors, bucket elevators, and more. - Published: 2024-08-08 - Modified: 2025-04-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/feeco-offers-bulk-material-handling-equipment-manufacturing/ - Categories: Material Handling, Belt Conveyors, Bucket Elevators, Conveyors, Shuttle Conveyors, Steep Incline Conveyors - Tags: Article, Belt Conveyor, Belt Feeder, Belt Plow, Belt Tripper, Bucket Elevator, Equipment, Shuttle Conveyor, Steep Incline Conveyor - Authors: Carrie, DanB Bulk material handling equipment ensures material can move efficiently throughout and around facilities such as fertilizer plants, mine sites, and more. This essential equipment unifies operations by connecting disparate components into seamless operation, from receiving to loadout. As part of our process equipment offerings, FEECO has been manufacturing custom bulk material handling systems since 1951, providing customers with the engineering, equipment, and service support to keep their operations running smoothly. Bulk Material Handling Equipment At Its Best From dry, dusty powders, to abrasive materials, we can accommodate nearly any handling job. All FEECO equipment is designed around the unique characteristics of the material to be transported for optimized handling, from fortifying dust containment measures, to increasing belt cleaning for challenging materials, and everything in between. Key Strengths of FEECO Equipment The bulk material handling market is incredibly diverse, with OEMs covering a range of specialties to suit the various needs required throughout the industry.   FEECO specializes in heavy-duty equipment engineered according to material handling objectives. As such, customers can rely on all FEECO equipment to meet the following criteria: Rugged materials of construction where appropriate Engineered and built according to rigorous quality standards Fabricated and assembled against tight tolerances for optimal fit and operation without interference Custom designed according to the unique characteristics of the material to be handled, as well as facility infrastructure Options in advanced controls and automation Safe and compliant with site requirements (ex. OSHA, MSHA) As a result, our equipment often brings our customers a... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Reviving the Bureau of Mines, Mounting Pressure Around the Farm Bill, and a Closed-Loop Carbon > Updates in the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries from August 2024. - Published: 2024-08-01 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-reviving-the-bureau-of-mines-mounting-pressure-around-the-farm-bill-and-a-closed-loop-carbon/ - Categories: FEECO News, Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Reviving the Bureau of Mines Mining trade groups are lobbying for Washington to revive the Bureau of Mines, according to Creamer Media’s Mining Weekly. The industry is hoping to bring the bureau back and expand upon it in an effort to unify permitting, decision making, and more, allowing the US to better compete with China on critical minerals. The bureau was closed in 1996 as a result of budget cuts.   International Energy Forum Report Illustrates Gap Between Copper Supply & Demand The International Energy Forum is hoping to end the misconception largely held outside the mining industry that the copper needed to meet 100% global vehicle electrification by 2050 will be available in the coming years. According to the report: “Just to meet business-as-usual trends, 115% more copper must be mined in the next 30 years than has been mined historically until now. To electrify the global vehicle fleet requires bringing into production 55% more new mines than would otherwise be needed. ” Mining Schools Act of 2023 Passes the Senate The U. S. Senate has passed the Mining Schools Act of 2023, North American Mining reports. As the existing workforce ages and a talent shortage persists, the legislation will help to bolster the next generation of miners needed to meet growing demand for critical minerals.   The Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024 Senators Joe Manchin (I-WV) and John Barrasso (R-WY) have announced the Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024, bipartisan legislation deemed as a... --- ### The Pin Mixer: An Ideal Solution for Processing Ultra-Fine Materials > Learn why the pin mixer is uniquely suited for conditioning ultra-fine materials in a wide range of industrial applications. - Published: 2024-07-25 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/pin-mixer-ideal-solution-processing-ultra-fine-materials/ - Categories: Pin Mixers, Agglomeration, Chemical Processing, conditioning - Tags: Article, Equipment, Pin Mixer - Authors: Chris, Carrie The pin mixer is an industrial mixing solution ideal for mixing, conditioning, and agglomerating material fines in the presence of a binder. While the pugmill mixer (paddle mixer) is best suited for heavy-duty materials such as ores, the pin mixer excels in applications where extremely fine materials, such as powders, must be processed. This continuous industrial mixer was originally developed in the 1940’s for use in the carbon black industry. Since then, however, the pin mixer has found its way into all sorts of industries and varied applications, with new ones being discovered all the time. How a Pin Mixer Works A pin mixer is composed of a central rotor shaft within a stationary housing. The shaft is affixed with multiple rods, or “pins,” which rotate along with the shaft at several hundred rpm. 3D Rendering of a FEECO Pin Mixer Material feedstock and binder are fed at a continuous rate into the mixer. As material enters the mixer, it begins to mix with the binder. Once a thorough mixture has been created, the material naturally begins to agglomerate. Agglomeration is caused by the centrifugal force of the rotating pins, which roll the material against the interior wall of the stationary housing, creating “micro-pellets. ” As the pellets continue to move through the length of the mixer, they become more dense. A flexible binder spray system can accommodate various binders and can be adjusted for optimal spray location. The mixer is also sealed at various points to avoid fugitive dust... --- ### The Pin Mixer: An Ideal Solution for Processing Ultra-Fine Materials > Learn why the pin mixer is uniquely suited for conditioning ultra-fine materials in a wide range of industrial applications. - Published: 2024-07-25 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/pin-mixer-ideal-solution-processing-ultra-fine-materials/ - Categories: Pin Mixers, Agglomeration, Chemical Processing, conditioning - Tags: Article, Equipment, Pin Mixer - Authors: Chris, Carrie The pin mixer is an industrial mixing solution ideal for mixing, conditioning, and agglomerating material fines in the presence of a binder. While the pugmill mixer (paddle mixer) is best suited for heavy-duty materials such as ores, the pin mixer excels in applications where extremely fine materials, such as powders, must be processed. This continuous industrial mixer was originally developed in the 1940’s for use in the carbon black industry. Since then, however, the pin mixer has found its way into all sorts of industries and varied applications, with new ones being discovered all the time. How a Pin Mixer Works A pin mixer is composed of a central rotor shaft within a stationary housing. The shaft is affixed with multiple rods, or “pins,” which rotate along with the shaft at several hundred rpm. 3D Rendering of a FEECO Pin Mixer Material feedstock and binder are fed at a continuous rate into the mixer. As material enters the mixer, it begins to mix with the binder. Once a thorough mixture has been created, the material naturally begins to agglomerate. Agglomeration is caused by the centrifugal force of the rotating pins, which roll the material against the interior wall of the stationary housing, creating “micro-pellets. ” As the pellets continue to move through the length of the mixer, they become more dense. A flexible binder spray system can accommodate various binders and can be adjusted for optimal spray location. The mixer is also sealed at various points to avoid fugitive dust... --- ### Ensuring A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation > Understand key factors that contribute to proper rotary drum installation and equipment longevity, from foundation preparation to alignment checks. - Published: 2024-07-18 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/ensuring-a-smooth-rotary-drum-installation/ - Categories: Service & Maintenance, Coating Drums, Granulation Drums, Laser Alignment, Rotary Cooler, Rotary Drum, Rotary Dryers, Rotary Kilns - Tags: Aftermarket, Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Coating Drum, Conditioning Drum, Rotary Cooler, Rotary Dryer, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: craig, Carrie A rotary drum, be it a dryer, cooler, agglomerator, or otherwise, is a major investment and integral part of many industrial processing systems. From drying and cooling bulk solids before storage, to agglomerating ore fines in a heap leaching operation, the rotary drum often serves as the backbone of many industrial processes. And while a significant amount of time and research is put in to finding the right rotary drum manufacturer and engineering a solution that blends seamlessly into your process, the work is far from done after the purchase. The install of your new rotary drum requires just as much planning and attention to ensure proper installation, optimal performance, and equipment longevity. Why Proper Drum Installation is Important A properly installed rotary drum is the first step in prolonging equipment life and reducing potential downtime and maintenance. Problems that begin at install can quickly turn into serious damage and downtime. A poorly installed rotary drum or drum base can result in a variety of problems, including: Damage to wheels/tires from poor alignment Damage to the drum shell because it was handled improperly Re-work needed and/or voided warranties because critical hold points/inspections were not done However, there are a few simple steps you can take that will help to achieve a smooth and successful installation, avoiding the problems mentioned above. Key Steps for A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation Have A Service Technician On-Site Having a service technician from the manufacturer on-site for installation offers many benefits. The Service Technician is... --- ### Ensuring A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation > Understand key factors that contribute to proper rotary drum installation and equipment longevity, from foundation preparation to alignment checks. - Published: 2024-07-18 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/ensuring-a-smooth-rotary-drum-installation/ - Categories: Service & Maintenance, Coating Drums, Granulation Drums, Laser Alignment, Rotary Cooler, Rotary Drum, Rotary Dryers, Rotary Kilns - Tags: Aftermarket, Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Coating Drum, Conditioning Drum, Rotary Cooler, Rotary Dryer, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: craig, Carrie A rotary drum, be it a dryer, cooler, agglomerator, or otherwise, is a major investment and integral part of many industrial processing systems. From drying and cooling bulk solids before storage, to agglomerating ore fines in a heap leaching operation, the rotary drum often serves as the backbone of many industrial processes. And while a significant amount of time and research is put in to finding the right rotary drum manufacturer and engineering a solution that blends seamlessly into your process, the work is far from done after the purchase. The install of your new rotary drum requires just as much planning and attention to ensure proper installation, optimal performance, and equipment longevity. Why Proper Drum Installation is Important A properly installed rotary drum is the first step in prolonging equipment life and reducing potential downtime and maintenance. Problems that begin at install can quickly turn into serious damage and downtime. A poorly installed rotary drum or drum base can result in a variety of problems, including: Damage to wheels/tires from poor alignment Damage to the drum shell because it was handled improperly Re-work needed and/or voided warranties because critical hold points/inspections were not done However, there are a few simple steps you can take that will help to achieve a smooth and successful installation, avoiding the problems mentioned above. Key Steps for A Smooth Rotary Drum Installation Have A Service Technician On-Site Having a service technician from the manufacturer on-site for installation offers many benefits. The Service Technician is... --- ### Increasing Efficiency with Process Training for Pelletizing > Find out how process training for pelletizing helps operators improve consistency, reduce waste, and increase efficiency. - Published: 2024-07-11 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/increasing-efficiency-with-process-training-for-pelletizing/ - Categories: Disc Pelletizers, Agglomeration, Lab - Tags: Aftermarket, Article - Authors: Carrie, craig Disc pelletizer training is a commonly overlooked, but essential aspect to a successful pelletizing operation. Pelletizing material on a disc pelletizer is considered a blend of both art and science; a number of variables must be balanced to maintain consistent product throughput and produce an end product with the desired characteristics. Further, each pelletizing operation is different, presenting its own unique challenges, even when processing the same material. For these reasons, a one-size-fits-all approach to pelletizing does not exist, and subsequently, FEECO recommends training for all pelletizing operations. A FEECO Process Engineer works on a disc pelletizer in the FEECO Innovation Center Benefits of Pelletizing Training There are many benefits to having your employees trained on your pelletizing operation, all of which translate to an improved bottom line. This includes: Improved Troubleshooting Capabilities Operators trained on the ins and outs of your pelletizing process are a valuable asset in being able to quickly and efficiently identify and resolve issues occurring with the process or product. Minimized Downtime Well-trained operators reduce downtime in two key ways. First, their ability to efficiently troubleshoot process upsets helps to get the process up and running again with minimal downtime. Second, because operators know how to properly operate and maintain the equipment, they reduce downtime as a result of process upsets and maintenance or repairs that could have been avoided. Improved Productivity and Process Efficiency Well-trained operators quickly prove their worth through maximum productivity and process efficiency; trained operators are able to keep the process... --- ### Increasing Efficiency with Process Training for Pelletizing > Find out how process training for pelletizing helps operators improve consistency, reduce waste, and increase efficiency. - Published: 2024-07-11 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/increasing-efficiency-with-process-training-for-pelletizing/ - Categories: Disc Pelletizers, Agglomeration, Lab - Tags: Aftermarket, Article - Authors: Carrie, craig Disc pelletizer training is a commonly overlooked, but essential aspect to a successful pelletizing operation. Pelletizing material on a disc pelletizer is considered a blend of both art and science; a number of variables must be balanced to maintain consistent product throughput and produce an end product with the desired characteristics. Further, each pelletizing operation is different, presenting its own unique challenges, even when processing the same material. For these reasons, a one-size-fits-all approach to pelletizing does not exist, and subsequently, FEECO recommends training for all pelletizing operations. A FEECO Process Engineer works on a disc pelletizer in the FEECO Innovation Center Benefits of Pelletizing Training There are many benefits to having your employees trained on your pelletizing operation, all of which translate to an improved bottom line. This includes: Improved Troubleshooting Capabilities Operators trained on the ins and outs of your pelletizing process are a valuable asset in being able to quickly and efficiently identify and resolve issues occurring with the process or product. Minimized Downtime Well-trained operators reduce downtime in two key ways. First, their ability to efficiently troubleshoot process upsets helps to get the process up and running again with minimal downtime. Second, because operators know how to properly operate and maintain the equipment, they reduce downtime as a result of process upsets and maintenance or repairs that could have been avoided. Improved Productivity and Process Efficiency Well-trained operators quickly prove their worth through maximum productivity and process efficiency; trained operators are able to keep the process... --- ### Options in Customizing a Trough Conveyor > Explore options in customizing trough belt conveyors to improve performance and reduce maintenance in industrial bulk material handling settings. - Published: 2024-07-04 - Modified: 2025-04-16 - URL: https://feeco.com/options-in-customizing-trough-conveyor/ - Categories: Conveyors, Belt Conveyors, Material Handling - Tags: Article, Belt Conveyor, Equipment - Authors: Carrie, DanB The needs of a bulk solids handling operation can vary significantly and are often incredibly specific from one application to the next. As a result, customization has become a cornerstone of bulk material handling systems, allowing the trough conveyor to be expertly applied to any operation. The ability to customize a system with precision can promote optimal efficiency, reduce downtime, and lower maintenance costs. It also prolongs equipment life, reduces the need for clean-outs, encourages process automation, and more; a well-designed handling system creates a seamless production facility, whatever the application may be. The customizations available for trough conveyors are as varied and diverse as the materials these systems handle. Some of the most common options are listed here. Trough Conveyor Belt Cleaning Options Belt cleaners are an essential tool in prolonging conveyor belt life and protecting pulleys, along with other components. Furthermore, a well-designed approach can significantly reduce downtime and maintenance requirements. Several options and designs exist for belt cleaners. Commonly used implements include: Self-cleaning Tail Pulley Self-cleaning tail pulleys prevent material from getting pinched between the pulley and the belt, to avoid buildup and excess wear. Various self-cleaning tail pulley designs are available on the market, including wing pulleys, chevron pulleys, spirals, and more. A wing pulley, as shown on this trough conveyor, is designed to shed material so that it doesn't get trapped between the belt and pulley. Return Side Belt Plow (V-Plow) The return side belt plow, also commonly called a V-plow, is another belt cleaning... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Decarbonizing Aluminum, Plastics Pact Roadmap 2.0, and Zero-Emissions Cement > Updates from the mining, fertilizer and chemical industries. - Published: 2024-07-01 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-decarbonizing-aluminum-plastics-pact-roadmap-2-0-and-zero-emissions-cement/ - Categories: Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining Decarbonizing the Aluminum Industry: A New Report In partnership with environmental consulting firm ICF, The Aluminum Association has released a report detailing potential pathways to significant decarbonization in the industry. The report, entitled, Pathways to Decarbonization: A North American Roadmap, covers a number of strategies that could help the industry to meet the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Net Zero by 2050 objectives.   Iltani Expands Orient Project Iltani Resources has announced exciting findings at their Orient Project in northern Queensland: silver-lead-zinc-indium mineralization that significantly expands known resources. Australia considers indium a critical mineral. Read the press release >> Canada Adds to Critical Minerals List The Government of Canada has released its updated Critical Minerals List. The list maintains the original 31 identified minerals, while adding high-purity iron, phosphorous, and silicon metal. Updates in Fertilizer Report Recognizes Canada’s Soil As A “Strategic National Asset” Canada’s Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry has released a new report consisting of 25 recommendations to “lead the way in protecting soil as a ‘strategic national asset’ key to food security. ” Updates in Chemical Funds Aimed at Reducing Methane Emissions From Oil & Gas Sector The U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency announced the opening for applications for $850 million dollars in federal funding from the Inflation Reduction Act. The funding will go to projects that will help to monitor, measure, quantify, and reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas industry. U. S. Plastics Pact... --- ### The Role of Drying in Agglomeration > Drying is an important part of the agglomeration process, from preparing a material for agglomeration, to producing a premium end product. - Published: 2024-06-27 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/role-drying-agglomeration/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Rotary Dryers, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Carrie, Shane Drying plays a critical role in the agglomeration process. When used prior to agglomeration, drying prepares material feedstock for agglomerate formation, and has a direct effect on how material will perform during agglomeration. Used after agglomeration, drying cures pellets into their final, strong form. In both applications, drying is vital to producing a premium end product. Pre-Drying In order for agglomeration to occur, feedstock must be at the ideal moisture level. As such, it can be necessary to dry material prior to the actual agglomeration stage of processing. Implementing a drying system such as a rotary dryer prior to agglomeration brings material feedstock down to the level of moisture needed for optimum agglomeration to occur. This reduction in moisture also helps to improve subsequent processing steps in the pelletizing plant, by reducing the potential for issues like clumping, which can be common with hygroscopic materials, such as potash. If not dried first, materials such as these can quickly clog subsequent processing equipment, causing processing issues, inefficiencies, and even problems with the end product. Drying in the Pelletization Process As a post-agglomeration step, drying helps to refine the end product. In pelletizing, drying essentially cures the “green” (wet) pellet into its final, hardened form. This is done by removing moisture to bring the pellet down to the desired moisture level of the end product. This improves handling, as well as end product characteristics by creating a strong pellet that is capable of withstanding further handling and transportation, but can still break... --- ### The Role of Drying in Agglomeration > Drying is an important part of the agglomeration process, from preparing a material for agglomeration, to producing a premium end product. - Published: 2024-06-27 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/role-drying-agglomeration/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Rotary Dryers, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Carrie, Shane Drying plays a critical role in the agglomeration process. When used prior to agglomeration, drying prepares material feedstock for agglomerate formation, and has a direct effect on how material will perform during agglomeration. Used after agglomeration, drying cures pellets into their final, strong form. In both applications, drying is vital to producing a premium end product. Pre-Drying In order for agglomeration to occur, feedstock must be at the ideal moisture level. As such, it can be necessary to dry material prior to the actual agglomeration stage of processing. Implementing a drying system such as a rotary dryer prior to agglomeration brings material feedstock down to the level of moisture needed for optimum agglomeration to occur. This reduction in moisture also helps to improve subsequent processing steps in the pelletizing plant, by reducing the potential for issues like clumping, which can be common with hygroscopic materials, such as potash. If not dried first, materials such as these can quickly clog subsequent processing equipment, causing processing issues, inefficiencies, and even problems with the end product. Drying in the Pelletization Process As a post-agglomeration step, drying helps to refine the end product. In pelletizing, drying essentially cures the “green” (wet) pellet into its final, hardened form. This is done by removing moisture to bring the pellet down to the desired moisture level of the end product. This improves handling, as well as end product characteristics by creating a strong pellet that is capable of withstanding further handling and transportation, but can still break... --- ### Anatomy of a Disc Pelletizer > Learn about the structure and anatomy of a disc pelletizer and why it's ideal for producing uniform pellets in a controlled process. - Published: 2024-06-20 - Modified: 2025-03-26 - URL: https://feeco.com/anatomy-disc-pelletizer/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers - Tags: Article, Disc Pelletizer, Equipment - Authors: Chris The disc pelletizer, or pan granulator, is an ideal agglomeration solution when looking to create a uniform pellet product from dry or slightly moist materials. Producing a premium granular product, the disc pelletizer is favored among manufacturers producing everything from soil amendments to chemical products. The following provides an overview on the basic construction of this essential type of pelletizing equipment. Note: Some features may be specific to FEECO International design and fabrication procedures. All FEECO disc pelletizers are held to rigorous quality standards to ensure reliability and equipment longevity. Standard Disc Pelletizer Components The disc pelletizer can be broken down into several basic components: Base The base is fabricated using structural members and heavy welded plates, providing a solid foundational structure. Disc pelletizer base in fabrication Drive Unit The drive unit consists of automated mechanisms such as the motor, parallel or concentric shaft reducer, and V-belt drive. Both the motor and the reducer are mounted on a bracket behind the disc. The disc is then mounted to the reducer’s output shaft. The disc pelletizer base with the drive mounted and ready for disc placement Disc The disc, also referred to as the pan, is constructed of heavy-duty carbon steel plates and can range in size from 24 inches to upwards of 25 feet. The plates are welded and reinforced to strengthen the overall structure. Discs larger than six feet in diameter are lined with expanded metal to promote a wear layer of material. Included in the disc system is... --- ### Five Ways to Increase Bucket Elevator Capacity > Explore five strategies to increase bucket elevator capacity, from optimizing bucket spacing to making material flow improvements. - Published: 2024-06-13 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/five-ways-to-increase-bucket-elevator-capacity/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators, Uncategorized - Tags: Bucket Elevator - Authors: DanB, Carrie One of the most common issues plant managers run into with their bucket elevators is the need to increase capacity. Plants built decades ago are facing throughput limitations associated with designs they’ve outgrown, leading many plant managers wondering how they can squeeze a little more capacity out of their existing unit(s). Several potential avenues exist for achieving slight increases in bucket elevator capacity. In other cases, however, replacement may be the only option, requiring careful consideration of the material and surrounding infrastructure.   The following covers five ways to increase bucket elevator capacity in an existing plant.   Increase Belt/Chain Speed When the desired capacity increase is relatively minor, it may be possible to increase the belt or chain speed to achieve additional throughput. In doing so, plant managers can typically gain anywhere from 10 TPH to 75 TPH, though this depends on several factors.   An increase in belt or chain speed must be expertly balanced with feed rate to avoid problems with feeding and/or discharge, particularly with centrifugal-style elevators already operating at high speeds.   Increasing the speed of a chain elevator can also make unit operation louder, as well as increase wear on various components, due to the greater number of cycles per minute the elevator undergoes. When increasing unit speed, it may also be necessary to change out the drive (motor and reducer). Optimize Bucket Fill Bucket fill is an important contributor to the elevator sizing process. Depending on the material being handled and the current... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Updates on Critical Minerals, Farm Bill Progress, and Converting CO2 to Common Chemicals > The Bulk Solids Insider: Updates on Critical Minerals, Farm Bill Progress, and Converting CO2 to Common Chemicals. - Published: 2024-06-06 - Modified: 2024-06-03 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-updates-on-critical-minerals-farm-bill-progress-and-converting-co2-to-common-chemicals/ - Categories: Chemical Processing, Fertilizer Granulation, Mining - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining & Minerals IEA Reports on Critical Minerals Market A new report from the International Energy Agency, entitled the Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2024, illustrates that while market pressure eased in 2023, “major additional investments” are still needed in order for the world to meet its climate and energy goals. Australia & European Union Collaborate on Critical Minerals Australia and the European Union have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) aimed at building a stable, sustainable supply chain of the critical minerals needed to meet their 2050 net zero goals. Australia and the EU will collaborate on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards as part of the agreement. Read the announcement >> Western Australia Enhances Battery and Critical Minerals Strategy The Association of Mining and Exploration Companies is applauding the recent updates made by the Western Australian Government to the state’s Battery and Critical Minerals Strategy. The refresh will help the state to gain a better foothold in the industry through measures like improved efficiency of approvals, planning and investing in common user infrastructure, targeted support for strategically important projects, and more. DoD Backs South32’s Hermosa Project South32 announced that the Department of Defense has awarded their Hermosa project US $20 million under the Defense Production Act battery grant program. The project, located in the Patagonia Mountains of Southern Arizona, is capable of producing two minerals designated as critical by the administration - zinc and manganese, the latter of which can be produced at battery grade, making... --- ### Rotary Drum or Pelletizing Disc? > From throughput to particle uniformity, learn how to choose between a disc and drum pelletizing system for your operation. - Published: 2024-05-30 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-or-pelletizing-disc/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Rotary Drum - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Disc Pelletizer, Equipment - Authors: Shane, Carrie When it comes to building a pelletizer plant, producers are often faced with the decision of choosing between a rotary drum agglomerator and a disc pelletizer (pan granulator). Though the choice may seem overwhelming at first, there are many things to take into account that will help to make the right decision for the material and process goals at hand. Material Specific Considerations Many times the choice between a rotary drum and a pan pelletizer is dependent upon historical preference. Throughout various industries, one or the other has been used for generations, and there is no need for change. Taking a look at the pros and cons of each can help to make an informed decision. Process Recycle There are many differences between a drum and a disc, but whether they are an advantage or a disadvantage is often dependent upon the material. This is clear when looking at the amount of recycle in a process. Overall, a pelletizer results in far lower recycle than a rotary drum does. This is ideal in situations where the material goes from a pelletizer to a dryer, because the less recycle that has to be dried, the more efficient the process will be (i. e. , the more recycle that needs to be dried, the more energy spent on drying there will be). While rotary drums may result in a higher amount of recycle, this recycle can also be beneficial to a process. For example, when utilizing a rotary drum agglomerator, the higher... --- ### Rotary Drum or Pelletizing Disc? > From throughput to particle uniformity, learn how to choose between a disc and drum pelletizing system for your operation. - Published: 2024-05-30 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-drum-or-pelletizing-disc/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Rotary Drum - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Disc Pelletizer, Equipment - Authors: Shane, Carrie When it comes to building a pelletizer plant, producers are often faced with the decision of choosing between a rotary drum agglomerator and a disc pelletizer (pan granulator). Though the choice may seem overwhelming at first, there are many things to take into account that will help to make the right decision for the material and process goals at hand. Material Specific Considerations Many times the choice between a rotary drum and a pan pelletizer is dependent upon historical preference. Throughout various industries, one or the other has been used for generations, and there is no need for change. Taking a look at the pros and cons of each can help to make an informed decision. Process Recycle There are many differences between a drum and a disc, but whether they are an advantage or a disadvantage is often dependent upon the material. This is clear when looking at the amount of recycle in a process. Overall, a pelletizer results in far lower recycle than a rotary drum does. This is ideal in situations where the material goes from a pelletizer to a dryer, because the less recycle that has to be dried, the more efficient the process will be (i. e. , the more recycle that needs to be dried, the more energy spent on drying there will be). While rotary drums may result in a higher amount of recycle, this recycle can also be beneficial to a process. For example, when utilizing a rotary drum agglomerator, the higher... --- ### Fluid Bed Dryer FAQs > From airflow to efficiency, this fluid bed dryer FAQ covers everything you need to know about this popular industrial drying technology. - Published: 2024-05-23 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/fluid-bed-dryer-faqs/ - Categories: Fluid Bed Dryer - Authors: Carrie, walter Fluid bed dryers offer a number of advantages that make them the preferred approach to drying in a wide range of settings. What follows are some of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) we receive as a fluid bed dryer manufacturer.   How does a fluid bed dryer work? A fluid bed dryer works by pneumatically suspending solid particles in a gas stream. This design promotes maximum gas-to-solids contact.   The dryer consists of a stationary vessel, at the bottom of which is a perforated plate through which air is passed at the velocity needed to achieve minimum fluidization of the solids (not exceeding terminal velocity).   It’s important to note that variations on traditional fluid bed dryers, such as vibratory fluid beds, while based in fluid bed technology, are not true fluid beds, due to their employment of mechanical assistance to move particles through the unit.   What are the advantages of the fluid bed dryer design?   Fluid bed dryers offer high thermal efficiency, a small footprint, and minimal maintenance requirements. They are also generally more cost-effective compared to other industrial drying systems.   What are the disadvantages of the fluid bed dryer design?   The disadvantages to fluid bed dryers typically lie in their requirement for a highly uniform feedstock, an inability to garner energy savings when running at reduced capacities, and the need for a more robust exhaust gas system.   What materials can fluid bed dryers work with? Fluid bed dryers are capable of processing... --- ### Elevating Efficiently: Bucket Elevator Drive Assembly Options > Understand the pros and cons of various bucket elevator drive configurations to optimize your system’s performance. - Published: 2024-05-16 - Modified: 2025-03-26 - URL: https://feeco.com/elevating-efficiently-bucket-elevator-drive-assembly-options/ - Categories: Bucket Elevators, Material Handling - Authors: DanB, Carrie The drive assembly is a critical consideration in the design of a bucket elevator, with the potential to impact both productivity and equipment service life. The following covers the different configurations, their advantages in different settings, and optional modifications.   Drive Assembly Options for Bucket Elevators Historically, bucket elevator manufacturers utilized a foot-mounted motor that was direct coupled to an in-line reducer. The reducer would then be connected to the elevator head shaft with a low-speed chain. While some older elevators may still use this drive type, it has become obsolete over time as technology has advanced.   Today, bucket elevator manufacturers employ one of several variations on the shaft-mounted reducer design. This eliminates the use of a low-speed chain, which is not only costly, but requires regular lubrication.   Shaft-Mounted Reducer with Top-Mounted Motor  For lower-capacity operations (typically those running at 50 HP or less), the shaft-mounted reducer with top-mounted motor offers a cost-effective option. The motor and reducer are connected by high-speed V belts, which are most commonly used in low-capacity settings. Bucket Elevator with top-mounted motor and shaft-mounted reducer connected by high-speed V belts (under guard) In settings over 50 HP, high-speed V belts are typically not suitable, as they are unable to provide the power transmission capabilities necessary, making the upgrade to direct coupling of the motor and reducer a requirement.   Shaft-Mounted Reducer with Right-Angle Drive When space is limited, manufacturers can utilize a right-angle drive setup in which the motor (input shaft) and reducer... --- ### Indirect Drying vs. Direct Drying > Find out how direct and indirect rotary dryers differ in design and performance for drying bulk materials effectively. - Published: 2024-05-09 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-indirect-vs-direct-drying/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie When it comes to drying bulk solids, rotary dryers are often the industrial drying equipment of choice. Their robust build, reliability, and aptitude for handling variation in feedstock makes them an ideal choice for efficiently drying bulk solids of nearly all types. When referring to rotary dryers, it’s usually safe to assume that a direct-fired rotary dryer is the topic of discussion. Direct dryers are used more frequently than their indirect counterparts, because of the efficiency they offer. And while direct-fired rotary dryers are most often the selected drying method, indirect rotary dryers are a valuable alternative for specific processing needs. The Difference Between Indirect- and Direct-Fired Dryers Operation While both types of dryers are comprised of a rotating drum in which the processing occurs, these two types of dryers utilize very different methods to process material. Direct-fired dryers rely on direct contact between the material and process gas to efficiently dry materials. Efficiency is further increased by the addition of lifting flights affixed to the internal walls of the dryer. These flights lift the material, carrying it over and cascading it through the stream of process gas, in order to maximize heat transfer between the material and drying medium. Conversely, indirect dryers do not utilize direct contact with process gas to dry the material. In fact, this is the precise advantage of an indirect rotary dryer for two reasons: It avoids the issue of fine materials becoming entrained in a process gas, which can be a problem when processing... --- ### Indirect Drying vs. Direct Drying > Find out how direct and indirect rotary dryers differ in design and performance for drying bulk materials effectively. - Published: 2024-05-09 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryers-indirect-vs-direct-drying/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie When it comes to drying bulk solids, rotary dryers are often the industrial drying equipment of choice. Their robust build, reliability, and aptitude for handling variation in feedstock makes them an ideal choice for efficiently drying bulk solids of nearly all types. When referring to rotary dryers, it’s usually safe to assume that a direct-fired rotary dryer is the topic of discussion. Direct dryers are used more frequently than their indirect counterparts, because of the efficiency they offer. And while direct-fired rotary dryers are most often the selected drying method, indirect rotary dryers are a valuable alternative for specific processing needs. The Difference Between Indirect- and Direct-Fired Dryers Operation While both types of dryers are comprised of a rotating drum in which the processing occurs, these two types of dryers utilize very different methods to process material. Direct-fired dryers rely on direct contact between the material and process gas to efficiently dry materials. Efficiency is further increased by the addition of lifting flights affixed to the internal walls of the dryer. These flights lift the material, carrying it over and cascading it through the stream of process gas, in order to maximize heat transfer between the material and drying medium. Conversely, indirect dryers do not utilize direct contact with process gas to dry the material. In fact, this is the precise advantage of an indirect rotary dryer for two reasons: It avoids the issue of fine materials becoming entrained in a process gas, which can be a problem when processing... --- ### Bucket Elevators: Safety and Accessibility Options > Discover how accessibility and safety upgrades can simplify bucket elevator maintenance and improve operator safety. - Published: 2024-05-02 - Modified: 2025-03-31 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevators-safety-and-accessibility-options/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Authors: DanB, Carrie Bucket elevators are the standard for vertical conveying in nearly every industry handling bulk solids. No matter what the industry, ensuring the elevator is both safe and accessible is critical to complying with regulatory requirements, promoting efficient operation and equipment longevity, and not least of all, safeguarding plant personnel. The following covers the various options and design modifications available for maximizing the accessibility and safety of bucket elevators.   Accessibility While significant consideration is given to the overall design of a bucket elevator, one often-forgotten aspect is the accessibility of the unit.   The ability to safely and easily access the bucket elevator is essential for maintaining efficient operation and promoting maximum service life, allowing for critical routine monitoring and repairs. The following upgrades and modifications should be considered based on the specific production demands and facility infrastructure.   Service Platforms, Ladders, Walkways, Cages Service platforms, ladders, walkways, and safety cages provide plant personnel with safe options for accessing the elevator when monitoring or maintenance are needed. Bucket elevator with service platform and ladders with safety cages. A dust pick-off point, as well as an inspection door at the discharge (orange) can also be seen. Access & Inspection Doors  Access doors provide an access point to the elevator’s internals without having to remove or cut away parts of the casing. This allows for simplified access and maintenance.   While access doors provide a point of access large enough to facilitate necessary repairs, inspection doors offer a small window for observation.... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: A Critical Minerals Research Facility, Sustainability in Fertilizer, and Improved Sodium-Ion Batteries - Published: 2024-05-01 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-a-critical-minerals-research-facility-sustainability-in-fertilizer-and-improved-sodium-ion-batteries/ - Categories: Uncategorized - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining & Minerals DOE Announces Facility Aimed at Critical Minerals Research The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) has announced $75 million in funding for a research facility aimed at establishing a resilient and reliable domestic supply chain of critical minerals. Part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, the Minerals to Materials Supply Chain Facility (METALLIC) project will bring together expertise from eight other national laboratories and bolster concurrent efforts by the administration in meeting critical minerals supplies. Sanctions Push Metals Prices  New sanctions on Russian metals have caused prices for copper, aluminum, and nickel to jump, The Wall Street Journal reports. The sanctions prevent Russian metals produced on or after April 13th from being traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME) or Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Simandou Iron Ore Funding Secured The world’s largest untapped iron ore project is another step closer to fruition, with Rio Tinto and partners securing $US 15 billion in funding for infrastructure that will support the West African project. The project is anticipated to reach completion by the end of 2025 and holds the potential to bring prosperity to the people of Guinea for generations. Read more from Australian Mining >> France Doubles Down on Climate Goals France is hoping to step up its efforts to cut emissions and meet climate goals by reducing the time required for green projects and reviving their copper mining industry, according to Mining Weekly and Bloomberg. The proposed legislation includes measures to reduce the time required... --- ### Improving Agglomerates through Coating > Discover how coating can improve agglomerates by enhancing durability, reducing dust, and optimizing performance. - Published: 2024-04-25 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/improving-agglomerates-through-coating/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Coating Drums, Lab - Tags: Article, Coating Drum, Equipment, Innovation Center, Pugmill Mixer - Authors: Carrie Coating, typically carried out in a coating drum, is a finishing process used prolifically throughout industries working with agglomerates to meet a wide variety of objectives. A surface treatment for particles, coating can enhance specific characteristics of a pellet, granule, or other agglomerate, be it a mineral, chemical, or otherwise. Coatings are frequently applied in order to maintain product integrity, mitigate issues such as dust and/or attrition, or even to improve product performance. This article will cover the benefits of coating, how the coating process works, and factors to consider in selecting the proper coating for your application. Reasons for Coating Coatings can offer a variety of benefits depending on the material and application. The diverse market of available coatings has created an opportunity to meet a variety of goals concerning the performance and handling of agglomerates. Some of the most common reasons for coating a material are listed below. Reduced Dust & Attrition Dust is not only a nuisance, but depending on the material, may be hazardous as an air pollutant. Additionally, the creation of dust and fines can affect the bottom line; dust can become windblown in some applications, yielding unpredictable and undesirable results, and often resulting in product loss. For these reasons, the control of dust is one of the most common reasons why agglomerates are coated. Dust is an especially common issue with granules that were created via roll compaction, due to the jagged edges of the granules that can rub together and break down into fines... --- ### Improving Agglomerates through Coating > Discover how coating can improve agglomerates by enhancing durability, reducing dust, and optimizing performance. - Published: 2024-04-25 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/improving-agglomerates-through-coating/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Coating Drums, Lab - Tags: Article, Coating Drum, Equipment, Innovation Center, Pugmill Mixer - Authors: Carrie Coating, typically carried out in a coating drum, is a finishing process used prolifically throughout industries working with agglomerates to meet a wide variety of objectives. A surface treatment for particles, coating can enhance specific characteristics of a pellet, granule, or other agglomerate, be it a mineral, chemical, or otherwise. Coatings are frequently applied in order to maintain product integrity, mitigate issues such as dust and/or attrition, or even to improve product performance. This article will cover the benefits of coating, how the coating process works, and factors to consider in selecting the proper coating for your application. Reasons for Coating Coatings can offer a variety of benefits depending on the material and application. The diverse market of available coatings has created an opportunity to meet a variety of goals concerning the performance and handling of agglomerates. Some of the most common reasons for coating a material are listed below. Reduced Dust & Attrition Dust is not only a nuisance, but depending on the material, may be hazardous as an air pollutant. Additionally, the creation of dust and fines can affect the bottom line; dust can become windblown in some applications, yielding unpredictable and undesirable results, and often resulting in product loss. For these reasons, the control of dust is one of the most common reasons why agglomerates are coated. Dust is an especially common issue with granules that were created via roll compaction, due to the jagged edges of the granules that can rub together and break down into fines... --- ### Evaluating Bucket Elevator Take-up Options > Learn how to choose the best take-up option for your bucket elevator to maintain tension and ensure reliable operation - Published: 2024-04-18 - Modified: 2025-01-15 - URL: https://feeco.com/evaluating-bucket-elevator-take-up-options/ - Categories: Material Handling, Bucket Elevators - Authors: DanB, Carrie Bucket elevators employ a take-up assembly to “take up” any slack in the belt or chain, ensuring proper tension of the belt or chain around the head and tail pulleys or sprockets.   While producers have a few options available to them when selecting take-ups for their belt conveyor systems, bucket elevators are a little less flexible.   The following covers the two types of take-ups available for use in bucket elevators, how each type works, and the advantages and disadvantages to each. As will be shown, the type of take-up is almost always dictated by the application.   Why Proper Belt/Chain Tension is Important Achieving the right amount of tension around pulleys or sprockets is critical to elevator operation whether the unit is driven by a belt or chain. In both cases, proper tension ensures that the elevator can operate as designed with minimal wear on the belt or chain. As such, proper tension promotes maximum belt/chain service life.   An over-tensioned belt or chain risks degradation and premature failure, while also putting added stress on the head and boot pulleys or sprockets and other drive components.   In contrast, an under-tensioned belt could allow slipping on the head pulley, preventing the unit from operating properly and even resulting in frequent upsets. The two primary take-up types available for managing tension in bucket elevators are the screw take-up and gravity take-up, or GTU. Although in some cases both may be an option, in general, these two types of take-ups... --- ### Choosing A Binder in the Agglomeration Process > Find out how binder choice impacts the agglomeration process and learn to select the best option for your materials and goals. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/choosing-binder-agglomeration-process/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Lab, Process Design and Optimization - Authors: Chris, Carrie Choosing a binder is one of the most important aspects of the agitation agglomeration (wet granulation) process. With implications on both the process and end use, selecting the appropriate binder requires careful consideration and often testing to evaluate different options. As the leading expert in agitation agglomeration, FEECO utilizes our vast material knowledge base and decades of experience, in combination with our state-of-the-art testing facility, the Innovation Center, to assist customers in selecting the best binder for their application. The following information covers why binders are so critical and how producers can select the most appropriate binder for their project. Why Use A Binder? There are three main reasons for using a binder in the agitation agglomeration process: To assist in the agglomeration process Agitation agglomeration relies on a binder for coalescence and accretion. Though some materials may agglomerate without a binder, most materials require some sort of binder to pull and hold particles together while forming the pellets, as well as to continue accumulating layers for pellet growth. While ideally water will do the job, often times water does not have the tackiness needed to give the pellet enough wet strength to hold up to the rolling, tumbling, and dropping a pellet is exposed to in the production line. To achieve the desired green strength Green strength, also sometimes known as wet strength, refers to the strength of a granular material prior to drying; pellets need to be able to hold up as they move throughout the remainder of... --- ### Choosing A Binder in the Agglomeration Process > Find out how binder choice impacts the agglomeration process and learn to select the best option for your materials and goals. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/choosing-binder-agglomeration-process/ - Categories: Agglomeration, Disc Pelletizers, Lab, Process Design and Optimization - Authors: Chris, Carrie Choosing a binder is one of the most important aspects of the agitation agglomeration (wet granulation) process. With implications on both the process and end use, selecting the appropriate binder requires careful consideration and often testing to evaluate different options. As the leading expert in agitation agglomeration, FEECO utilizes our vast material knowledge base and decades of experience, in combination with our state-of-the-art testing facility, the Innovation Center, to assist customers in selecting the best binder for their application. The following information covers why binders are so critical and how producers can select the most appropriate binder for their project. Why Use A Binder? There are three main reasons for using a binder in the agitation agglomeration process: To assist in the agglomeration process Agitation agglomeration relies on a binder for coalescence and accretion. Though some materials may agglomerate without a binder, most materials require some sort of binder to pull and hold particles together while forming the pellets, as well as to continue accumulating layers for pellet growth. While ideally water will do the job, often times water does not have the tackiness needed to give the pellet enough wet strength to hold up to the rolling, tumbling, and dropping a pellet is exposed to in the production line. To achieve the desired green strength Green strength, also sometimes known as wet strength, refers to the strength of a granular material prior to drying; pellets need to be able to hold up as they move throughout the remainder of... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Uranium Mine Revival, Potash & Phosphate as Critical Minerals, and Funding Decarbonization - Published: 2024-04-04 - Modified: 2024-04-04 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-uranium-mine-revival-potash-phosphate-as-critical-minerals-and-funding-decarbonization/ - Categories: Uncategorized - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining & Minerals Aluminum Emissions Down The International Aluminum Institute (IAI) has released new findings showing that despite the industry’s continued growth, greenhouse gas emissions declined in 2022. According to the data, aluminum production rose by 3. 9%, while the industry’s greenhouse gas emissions declined slightly. The data is welcome news as the industry faces rising demand and increasing pressure to improve its carbon footprint. Federal Support for Deep Sea Mining Needed A new bill calls for federal agencies to provide various forms of support for deep sea mining. Known as the Responsible Use of Seafloor Resources Act of 2024, the bill was introduced by Rep. Carol Miller (R. , W. Va) and Rep. John Joyce (R. , Pa), with the aim of reducing vulnerabilities in supply chains for critical minerals and reducing dependence on China, according to the Wall Street Journal. DOE to Help Fund Thacker Pass Lithium Americas is set to receive a $2. 26 billion loan from the U. S. Department of Energy to bring the Thacker Pass project, located in Nevada, to fruition. Full-capacity production is expected in 2028. The mine will serve as a key supplier to General Motors in the race to electrification. Read more from Reuters >> Reviving Uranium Mines Shuttered uranium mines are getting a new lease on life as demand for the nuclear fuel continues to surge, according to Bloomberg News. At least five producers in the United States are looking to bring operations back online to meet demand.... --- ### Rotary Kilns: Processes Defined > From calcination to pyrolysis, learn how rotary kilns facilitate key thermal processes across diverse industries. - Published: 2024-04-04 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kilns-processes-defined/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Calcination, Chemical Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: Shane A rotary kiln is a thermal processing tool used in a variety of applications. It consists of a rotating drum with high temperature products of combustion flowing through or around it, creating a precisely controlled environment for material property change. Due to the substantially high internal temperatures of rotary kilns, observing a material’s phase change is difficult and sometimes impossible. This results in some misunderstanding of what’s happening inside the kiln, and the variety of applications a rotary kiln can be used for. If you think a rotary kiln may be the right piece of equipment for your thermal processing needs, then obtaining a good understanding of processes that are possible with a kiln is the first step in understanding its many uses. Calcination The calcination process requires heating a material to a high temperature with the intent of chemical dissociation (chemical separation). Calcination is commonly used in the creation of inorganic materials. One of the most common examples would be the dissociation of calcium carbonate to create calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The calcination process could also include the removal of bound moisture. An example of this process is the removal of moisture from a viscous sludge. Because a percentage of the moisture in the sludge is bound to the solids, a drying or pressing process would not effectively remove all of the moisture required to create a dry (ash) granule. Thermal Desorption Thermal desorption uses heat to drive off an organic chemical, such as a pesticide, that has... --- ### Rotary Kilns: Processes Defined > From calcination to pyrolysis, learn how rotary kilns facilitate key thermal processes across diverse industries. - Published: 2024-04-04 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-kilns-processes-defined/ - Categories: Rotary Kilns, Calcination, Chemical Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Kilns & Calciners - Authors: Shane A rotary kiln is a thermal processing tool used in a variety of applications. It consists of a rotating drum with high temperature products of combustion flowing through or around it, creating a precisely controlled environment for material property change. Due to the substantially high internal temperatures of rotary kilns, observing a material’s phase change is difficult and sometimes impossible. This results in some misunderstanding of what’s happening inside the kiln, and the variety of applications a rotary kiln can be used for. If you think a rotary kiln may be the right piece of equipment for your thermal processing needs, then obtaining a good understanding of processes that are possible with a kiln is the first step in understanding its many uses. Calcination The calcination process requires heating a material to a high temperature with the intent of chemical dissociation (chemical separation). Calcination is commonly used in the creation of inorganic materials. One of the most common examples would be the dissociation of calcium carbonate to create calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The calcination process could also include the removal of bound moisture. An example of this process is the removal of moisture from a viscous sludge. Because a percentage of the moisture in the sludge is bound to the solids, a drying or pressing process would not effectively remove all of the moisture required to create a dry (ash) granule. Thermal Desorption Thermal desorption uses heat to drive off an organic chemical, such as a pesticide, that has... --- ### Rise in Anaerobic Digestion Boosts Manure Granulation > Implementing a digester creates an additional stream of revenue, not only through biogas capture, but also through granulating the resulting manure solids. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-03-22 - URL: https://feeco.com/rise-in-anaerobic-digestion-boosts-manure-granulation/ - Categories: Fertilizer System, Fertilizer Granulation, Manure - Authors: Nick, Carrie The rising adoption of anaerobic digesters for food waste and on-farm use is bringing food production another step closer to a circular economy. This is particularly true when it comes to poultry and livestock production, where opportunities for manure granulation are improved through the use of a digester. What follows is a look at this rising trend and the sustainability potential it brings to the table.   The Rise of Digester Adoption Renewable energy incentives in the 1970s saw farms implement anaerobic digestion to sell their captured energy back to the electrical grid at a premium (with the help of an on-farm generator that converted methane to electricity). But when incentives went away, so too did the economic viability, causing farmers to flare their gas for carbon credits instead. This still contributed to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, but the economics didn’t incentivize further adoption of anaerobic digestion, leaving the technology as just another tool in the box. Now, however, farms are again turning to anaerobic digestion as the demand for “green'' natural gas grows; through anaerobic digestion, farmers can capture their methane emissions in the form of biogas and where location allows, inject it into nearby natural gas pipelines for conversion to a variety of value-added products. This green gas fetches a premium compared to traditionally mined “blue” gas, making the economics highly attractive. According to the EPA’s AgStar data, the use of manure-based anaerobic digesters operating within the nation’s borders has steadily increased in the past two... --- ### Corrosion Control in Rotary Dryers > Corrosion is never desirable, and many steps are undertaken in both the prevention and treatment of corrosion in rotary dryers. - Published: 2024-03-21 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/corrosion-control-rotary-dryers/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Service & Maintenance - Tags: Aftermarket, Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: craig, Carrie Capable of causing costly damage to equipment, as well as process inefficiencies and unnecessary downtime, corrosion is a common problem faced when working with rotary dryers. This is particularly true of dryers that were not designed with corrosion in mind. Fortunately, there are several ways to protect equipment against corrosion. Preventing Corrosion in Rotary Dryers Various types of corrosion exist, each caused by a different kind of reaction: metal physical reactions, chemical reactions, and electrochemical reactions. Perhaps the most familiar example of corrosion is rust, where iron reacts with oxygen in the air to form iron oxide. While there is significant variance in causes and forms of corrosion, one thing is certain: corrosion is never desirable, and steps must be taken in both its prevention and treatment in rotary dryers. Research from the World Corrosion Organization suggests that the yearly, universal cost of corrosion is approximately $2. 2 trillion U. S. dollars, 25% of which could likely be eliminated through preventative care. Industrial drying professionals can utilize the following techniques to combat corrosion in their metallic equipment, including rotary dryers. Use Corrosion-Resistant Materials in rotary dryer Manufacturing Some metal is simply more resistant to corrosion than others. This resistance is often due to the fundamental make-up of the metal itself. Thus, when purchasing industrial drying equipment, it is imperative that the supplier understands the correlation between the material to be processed and the metal used to manufacture the dryer. For this reason, FEECO often employs stainless steels and alloys when... --- ### Corrosion Control in Rotary Dryers > Corrosion is never desirable, and many steps are undertaken in both the prevention and treatment of corrosion in rotary dryers. - Published: 2024-03-21 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/corrosion-control-rotary-dryers/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Service & Maintenance - Tags: Aftermarket, Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: craig, Carrie Capable of causing costly damage to equipment, as well as process inefficiencies and unnecessary downtime, corrosion is a common problem faced when working with rotary dryers. This is particularly true of dryers that were not designed with corrosion in mind. Fortunately, there are several ways to protect equipment against corrosion. Preventing Corrosion in Rotary Dryers Various types of corrosion exist, each caused by a different kind of reaction: metal physical reactions, chemical reactions, and electrochemical reactions. Perhaps the most familiar example of corrosion is rust, where iron reacts with oxygen in the air to form iron oxide. While there is significant variance in causes and forms of corrosion, one thing is certain: corrosion is never desirable, and steps must be taken in both its prevention and treatment in rotary dryers. Research from the World Corrosion Organization suggests that the yearly, universal cost of corrosion is approximately $2. 2 trillion U. S. dollars, 25% of which could likely be eliminated through preventative care. Industrial drying professionals can utilize the following techniques to combat corrosion in their metallic equipment, including rotary dryers. Use Corrosion-Resistant Materials in rotary dryer Manufacturing Some metal is simply more resistant to corrosion than others. This resistance is often due to the fundamental make-up of the metal itself. Thus, when purchasing industrial drying equipment, it is imperative that the supplier understands the correlation between the material to be processed and the metal used to manufacture the dryer. For this reason, FEECO often employs stainless steels and alloys when... --- ### Soil Amendments and Conditioners Vital in Soil Restoration > Understand the key role of soil conditioners in rebuilding soil health and learn how soil amendments are manufactured for optimal performance. - Published: 2024-03-14 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/soil-amendments-and-conditioners-vital-in-soil-restoration/ - Categories: Fertilizer Granulation, Fertilizer System, Lab - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation - Authors: Shane, Carrie While much of the soil health discussion has centered around fertilizer use, soil amendments and conditioners are an equally critical tool in soil restoration efforts and our ability to feed the anticipated 9 billion people inhabiting the earth by 2050. While fertilizers deliver the nutrients plants need for crops to grow, soil amendments provide the environment for fertilizers to be effective. Soil health has become a topic of increasing importance in recent years as scientists call for action around restoring the world’s deteriorating soils; soils around the globe have become depleted of the materials necessary to promote a flourishing soil environment and the subsequent nutritious crops the booming population requires them to produce. With awareness around this critical issue becoming more prevalent, soil amendments have seen increasing use in recent years and continue to be on an upward trend; a 2017 report by Research and Markets projected that global demand for soil conditioners would see a CAGR of 8. 16% up to the year 2022. How Soil Amendments Improve Soil The physical, chemical, and biological makeup of soil is the basis for a healthy soil and its ability to not only produce crops, but to withstand weathering and erosion as well. This is where soil amendments and conditioners are so pivotal. The terms soil amendment and soil conditioner are often used interchangeably and cover a broad range of additive types - all either organic (derived from something living) or inorganic. Within each category, a wide range of products are available,... --- ### Soil Amendments and Conditioners Vital in Soil Restoration > Understand the key role of soil conditioners in rebuilding soil health and learn how soil amendments are manufactured for optimal performance. - Published: 2024-03-14 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/soil-amendments-and-conditioners-vital-in-soil-restoration/ - Categories: Fertilizer Granulation, Fertilizer System, Lab - Tags: Article, Fertilizer & Granulation - Authors: Shane, Carrie While much of the soil health discussion has centered around fertilizer use, soil amendments and conditioners are an equally critical tool in soil restoration efforts and our ability to feed the anticipated 9 billion people inhabiting the earth by 2050. While fertilizers deliver the nutrients plants need for crops to grow, soil amendments provide the environment for fertilizers to be effective. Soil health has become a topic of increasing importance in recent years as scientists call for action around restoring the world’s deteriorating soils; soils around the globe have become depleted of the materials necessary to promote a flourishing soil environment and the subsequent nutritious crops the booming population requires them to produce. With awareness around this critical issue becoming more prevalent, soil amendments have seen increasing use in recent years and continue to be on an upward trend; a 2017 report by Research and Markets projected that global demand for soil conditioners would see a CAGR of 8. 16% up to the year 2022. How Soil Amendments Improve Soil The physical, chemical, and biological makeup of soil is the basis for a healthy soil and its ability to not only produce crops, but to withstand weathering and erosion as well. This is where soil amendments and conditioners are so pivotal. The terms soil amendment and soil conditioner are often used interchangeably and cover a broad range of additive types - all either organic (derived from something living) or inorganic. Within each category, a wide range of products are available,... --- ### Bucket Elevator Parts to Keep On Hand > Avoid long lead times and unexpected delays by keeping these wear-critical parts on-hand and discover tips for keeping a spare parts inventory. - Published: 2024-03-07 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/bucket-elevator-parts-to-keep-on-hand/ - Categories: Bucket Elevators, Service & Maintenance - Authors: Carrie, craig FEECO recommends keeping a number of bucket elevator parts on hand to facilitate a quick change out in the event of a failure. What follows is a summary of these parts, as well as helpful tips in minimizing downtime, and the information original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) will likely require in fulfilling spare parts requests. The Importance of Having Bucket Elevator Parts On Hand As with any industrial process equipment, keeping a spare parts inventory is a critical aspect of an effective preventive maintenance program. A vital piece of equipment in any handling system, the failure of a single bucket elevator component can keep an entire operation offline until the issue is resolved. As such, having the right spare parts on hand often means the difference between hours and weeks of downtime. This is especially true given the volatility of supply chains in recent years; a part may be unavailable or have weeks of lead time. The result can be financially devastating; lost production, unfulfilled contracts, higher maintenance and labor costs, and more. The rush charges associated with emergency fulfillments further add to costs.   Wear-Critical Bucket Elevator Parts The following components are considered wear-critical, meaning that a bucket elevator either cannot or should not be run without them. Some components may allow the elevator to continue operating, but risk potentially catastrophic consequences if allowed to do so. Bearings As bearings facilitate rotation of the belt or chain around the pulley or sprocket in the head and boot sections, a failed... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Critical Minerals From Coal, Turning Red Mud Into Green Steel, and the Growing Specialty Fertilizer Market - Published: 2024-03-01 - Modified: 2024-03-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-critical-minerals-from-coal-turning-red-mud-into-green-steel-and-the-growing-specialty-fertilizer-market/ - Categories: Uncategorized - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining & Minerals Coal Resources to Contribute to Domestic Critical Mineral Supplies The United States Department of Energy (DOE) announced $17 million in funding for three projects that will help to support the front-end engineering and design (FEED) studies for facilities that would produce critical minerals and rare earth elements (REEs) from coal-based resources and byproducts. Part of the administration’s Investing in America agenda, the funding is aimed at helping to lessen the nation’s reliance on imports of the critical minerals that will power clean energy technologies. KoBold Metals Strikes Copper Billionaire-backed KoBold Metals announced their drilling program has uncovered the largest copper deposit discovered in Zambia’s history, according to the African nation’s Presidential Delivery Unit. The company is now looking to fasttrack the project in an effort to meet escalating demand. AMLO Looking to Ban Open-Pit Mining in Mexico Citing risks to the environment and vulnerable communities, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has proposed a ban on open-pit mining in the country, according to MiningTechnology. Although the proposal has drawn criticism and created some uncertainty in the industry, many are skeptical that the reform will gain traction. From Red Mud to Green Steel A group of scientists has illustrated how bauxite residue (red mud), an industrial waste leftover from aluminum production, could be used in the production of green steel in a new study in the journal Nature. The process, which employs hydrogen plasma reduction, would be an environmental win for both industries. Canada to Fast... --- ### The Potash Drying Process: What You Need to Know > Discover how the potash drying process removes moisture, prevents caking, and prepares product for handling and storage. - Published: 2024-02-29 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/potash-drying-process/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Potash, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Drying potash is a vital aspect of processing the ore into a usable form for the fertilizer production process, as well as in finishing product coming off of the fertilizer production line.   The following article highlights the basics of potash drying, including benefits, equipment, and material considerations. Drying Potash Ore Mined potash undergoes several processing steps to separate potassium from gangue. This process differs depending on the type of potash mining used, the characteristics of the specific deposit, and the intended end product. In all cases, however, drying is an essential step, and is particularly important in creating a feedstock suitable for use in the fertilizer production process.   When potash will be used to make fertilizer (which is the majority of the time), the moisture content of the feedstock typically needs to be below 0. 5%, depending on the characteristics of the specific source of potash and desired characteristics of the end product.   Since potash has a tendency to cake or clump together, reducing the moisture content is critical to creating a uniform, flowable feedstock that can be metered properly into the granulation process and won’t clog downstream equipment. When potash will be stored prior to granulation, drying the potash helps to reduce the potential for caking during storage.   Regardless of whether or not potash will be used in the fertilizer market, drying potash makes shipping more efficient and cost effective by reducing the amount of moisture being transported. Drying Potash Fertilizer Products Granulation is commonly... --- ### The Potash Drying Process: What You Need to Know > Discover how the potash drying process removes moisture, prevents caking, and prepares product for handling and storage. - Published: 2024-02-29 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/potash-drying-process/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Potash, Thermal Processing - Tags: Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Drying potash is a vital aspect of processing the ore into a usable form for the fertilizer production process, as well as in finishing product coming off of the fertilizer production line.   The following article highlights the basics of potash drying, including benefits, equipment, and material considerations. Drying Potash Ore Mined potash undergoes several processing steps to separate potassium from gangue. This process differs depending on the type of potash mining used, the characteristics of the specific deposit, and the intended end product. In all cases, however, drying is an essential step, and is particularly important in creating a feedstock suitable for use in the fertilizer production process.   When potash will be used to make fertilizer (which is the majority of the time), the moisture content of the feedstock typically needs to be below 0. 5%, depending on the characteristics of the specific source of potash and desired characteristics of the end product.   Since potash has a tendency to cake or clump together, reducing the moisture content is critical to creating a uniform, flowable feedstock that can be metered properly into the granulation process and won’t clog downstream equipment. When potash will be stored prior to granulation, drying the potash helps to reduce the potential for caking during storage.   Regardless of whether or not potash will be used in the fertilizer market, drying potash makes shipping more efficient and cost effective by reducing the amount of moisture being transported. Drying Potash Fertilizer Products Granulation is commonly... --- ### Benefits of the Granulation Drum in Granular Fertilizer Production > Discover why the granulation drum is a top choice for producing high-quality, uniform granular fertilizers. - Published: 2024-02-22 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/benefits-of-the-granulation-drum-in-granular-fertilizer-production/ - Categories: Granulation Drums, Fertilizer Granulation - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation - Authors: Shane The granulation of fertilizer products provides one of the most viable ways to produce granular multi-nutrient fertilizers, improving bulk storage, packaging qualities, as well as promoting ease of handling and application. To achieve this, fertilizer producers rely on the granulation drum - a device known for its reliable operation and robust build, making it an ideal fit for the fertilizer industry’s broad and ever-changing demands. Installation of a FEECO Fertilizer Granulation Drum How the Granulation Drum Produces a Superior Fertilizer Product The definition of a granule, as it relates to this piece of equipment, is a solid, spherical pellet, in the size range of approximately 1-6 mm. These granules can vary in physical properties and chemical makeup, depending on what is desired for the application. A granulation drum is frequently used to agglomerate inorganic fertilizers such as NPK; the nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K) typically start as a fine powder, which can either be granulated into an all-in-one product known as a complex fertilizer, or granulated separately and blended together later to achieve the desired nutrient formulation. Without granulation, the fine powdery materials would be dusty and difficult to handle; the denser particles would settle to the bottom of the bag or barrel, creating an inconsistent blend (segregation) and causing significant application challenges. Similarly in the production of diammonium phosphate (DAP) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP), the granulation drum is utilized for a continued chemical reaction in correlation with the formation of a solid granule. The reaction, traditionally initiated... --- ### Benefits of the Granulation Drum in Granular Fertilizer Production > Discover why the granulation drum is a top choice for producing high-quality, uniform granular fertilizers. - Published: 2024-02-22 - Modified: 2025-03-25 - URL: https://feeco.com/benefits-of-the-granulation-drum-in-granular-fertilizer-production/ - Categories: Granulation Drums, Fertilizer Granulation - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Equipment, Fertilizer & Granulation - Authors: Shane The granulation of fertilizer products provides one of the most viable ways to produce granular multi-nutrient fertilizers, improving bulk storage, packaging qualities, as well as promoting ease of handling and application. To achieve this, fertilizer producers rely on the granulation drum - a device known for its reliable operation and robust build, making it an ideal fit for the fertilizer industry’s broad and ever-changing demands. Installation of a FEECO Fertilizer Granulation Drum How the Granulation Drum Produces a Superior Fertilizer Product The definition of a granule, as it relates to this piece of equipment, is a solid, spherical pellet, in the size range of approximately 1-6 mm. These granules can vary in physical properties and chemical makeup, depending on what is desired for the application. A granulation drum is frequently used to agglomerate inorganic fertilizers such as NPK; the nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K) typically start as a fine powder, which can either be granulated into an all-in-one product known as a complex fertilizer, or granulated separately and blended together later to achieve the desired nutrient formulation. Without granulation, the fine powdery materials would be dusty and difficult to handle; the denser particles would settle to the bottom of the bag or barrel, creating an inconsistent blend (segregation) and causing significant application challenges. Similarly in the production of diammonium phosphate (DAP) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP), the granulation drum is utilized for a continued chemical reaction in correlation with the formation of a solid granule. The reaction, traditionally initiated... --- ### Processing Phosphates for Use in the Fertilizer Industry > Explore the process of converting phosphate rock into MAP & DAP fertilizer products, from granulation to drying. - Published: 2024-02-15 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/processing-phosphates-for-use-in-the-fertilizer-industry/ - Categories: Fertilizer Granulation, Chemical Processing, Inorganic Fertilizer Systems, Phosphates - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Pipe Reactor - Authors: Shane, Carrie Phosphorus is a vital component to the health of plants, assisting in many biological processes that help to create strong stems and roots, aid in resistance to disease, and create a more productive plant overall. Phosphorus is derived from phosphate rock, deposits of which are mined all over the world. And while ground phosphate rock can be applied directly to soil, it is most beneficial to first process the phosphate rock into a form that allows the phosphorus to be more readily absorbed by plants. Phosphate rock can be processed into a variety of phosphatic fertilizers. Most commonly, it is processed into Monoammonium Phosphate and Diammonium Phosphate fertilizers, also commonly known as MAP and DAP. MAP & DAP Fertilizer Production Once phosphate rock has been mined, the actual phosphate ore is beneficiated to separate it from the unwanted materials. This is carried out via a wet process, the resulting material of which must first be dried. This is typically carried out in a rotary dryer, an industrial drying system ideal for processing phosphate ore, because of its heavy-duty build and high capacity capabilities. The dried phosphate ore is then most commonly processed into what are referred to as ammoniated phosphates. This is done by reacting the phosphate rock with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid is then reacted with ammonia to produce the ammoniated phosphate MAP or DAP. MAP and DAP are produced utilizing the process illustrated and described below: The phosphoric acid and ammonia are pre-neutralized... --- ### Processing Phosphates for Use in the Fertilizer Industry > Explore the process of converting phosphate rock into MAP & DAP fertilizer products, from granulation to drying. - Published: 2024-02-15 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/processing-phosphates-for-use-in-the-fertilizer-industry/ - Categories: Fertilizer Granulation, Chemical Processing, Inorganic Fertilizer Systems, Phosphates - Tags: Agglomeration/Granulation Drum, Article, Fertilizer & Granulation, Mining & Minerals, Pipe Reactor - Authors: Shane, Carrie Phosphorus is a vital component to the health of plants, assisting in many biological processes that help to create strong stems and roots, aid in resistance to disease, and create a more productive plant overall. Phosphorus is derived from phosphate rock, deposits of which are mined all over the world. And while ground phosphate rock can be applied directly to soil, it is most beneficial to first process the phosphate rock into a form that allows the phosphorus to be more readily absorbed by plants. Phosphate rock can be processed into a variety of phosphatic fertilizers. Most commonly, it is processed into Monoammonium Phosphate and Diammonium Phosphate fertilizers, also commonly known as MAP and DAP. MAP & DAP Fertilizer Production Once phosphate rock has been mined, the actual phosphate ore is beneficiated to separate it from the unwanted materials. This is carried out via a wet process, the resulting material of which must first be dried. This is typically carried out in a rotary dryer, an industrial drying system ideal for processing phosphate ore, because of its heavy-duty build and high capacity capabilities. The dried phosphate ore is then most commonly processed into what are referred to as ammoniated phosphates. This is done by reacting the phosphate rock with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid is then reacted with ammonia to produce the ammoniated phosphate MAP or DAP. MAP and DAP are produced utilizing the process illustrated and described below: The phosphoric acid and ammonia are pre-neutralized... --- ### Rotary Dryer Services in High Demand in Aging Frac Sand Dryers > Explore key maintenance practices for maintaining and extending the service life of aging frac sand dryers. - Published: 2024-02-08 - Modified: 2025-04-28 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-services-in-high-demand-in-aging-frac-sand-dryers/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers, Frac Sand, Service & Maintenance - Authors: craig, Carrie While demand for frac sand is nowhere near where it was during the boom seen over a decade ago, the industry is seeing somewhat of a resurgence, putting rotary dryer services in high demand. In the 2010s, producers were looking to get their new plants up and running as quickly as possible, resulting in a deluge of new equipment orders, particularly rotary dryers. Now, however, that equipment is more than a decade old and starting to experience wear. As a result, many plant managers are looking to ensure their dryers are not only mechanically sound, but also ready to meet a potential increase in demand  What follows are some essential considerations for getting aging frac sand dryers back into shape. Frac Sand Dryer Maintenance Considerations Inspections & Audits Operators and maintenance personnel should regularly be inspecting the dryer and addressing any issues that arise. If the equipment has not been thoroughly evaluated in some time, it is a good idea to have the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or other qualified service professional perform an equipment audit on the unit to assess its mechanical condition. This type of inspection provides a more in-depth evaluation of the equipment. Depending on the provider, the unit will likely be inspected inside and out and any items requiring attention noted. This type of evaluation also provides valuable benchmarking data for maintenance planning in the future. Dryer Alignment One of the most common procedures aging dryers require is an alignment. After years of operation, rotary dryers... --- ### The Bulk Solids Insider: Lithium's Price Plummet, The Growing Phosphate Fertilizer Market, and Red Sea Shipping Challenges - Published: 2024-02-01 - Modified: 2024-02-01 - URL: https://feeco.com/the-bulk-solids-insider-lithiums-price-plummet-the-growing-phosphate-fertilizer-market-and-red-sea-shipping-challenges/ - Categories: Uncategorized - Authors: Carrie Updates in Mining & Minerals Canada Grants Nunavut Control Over Mineral Resources The Arctic territory of Nunavut was granted control over its mineral resources by the Canadian government in a devolution that has been years in the making. The territory, rich in critical minerals and other resources, will now be able to collect royalties that would otherwise have gone to the federal government. Despite challenges in the region, the move could help to bolster exploration and development, according to Reuters. Future of Wyoming’s Trona Industry Uncertain All eyes in the soda ash industry continue to be on the Bureau of Land Management’s proposed Rock Springs Resource Management Plan (RMP), public comment for which was closed January 17th. The RMP will have a number of implications for natural resources and land use, including trona mining, in 3. 6 million acres of public land. Resource developers, which mine trona ore for the production of soda ash, are worried limitations on development could kill the industry, according to a Wyoming news source. Uranium Prices Up Uranium prices recently hit a high they haven’t seen in over 16 years, with potentially further to climb, after Kazatomprom, the world’s largest producer, announced potential supply risks, Reuters reports. Lithium Price Plummets Lithium miners are putting the breaks on expansion efforts and looking to cut costs as demand for electric vehicles in China has declined. The price of lithium has dropped by more than 80 per cent in the past year, hitting a low not seen since... --- ### Rotary Dryer Parts and Components Glossary > Learn the key parts of a rotary dryer, from the drum shell to drive assemblies, in our comprehensive components glossary. - Published: 2024-02-01 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-parts-components-glossary/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary dryers are essential to many bulk solids processing and handling operations, reducing the moisture content of both raw materials and finished products. About Rotary Dryers Rotary dryers use a tumbling action in combination with a drying air in order to efficiently dry materials. Most often, these robust industrial dryers are of the direct-fired type, meaning that the drying air is in direct contact with the material. Some dryers, however, are of the indirect configuration, whereby the dryer is heated externally, to avoid direct contact between the material and the drying air. Rotary dryers are comprised of a rotating drum, into which the material is fed, in combination with the drying air. Flights, or material lifters, pick up the material from the bed, carrying it over, and dropping it through the air stream to maximize heat transfer between the material and drying air. Material is processed for a specified amount of time, referred to as the retention time, at the desired temperature, in order to reach the target moisture content. While rotary dryers are available in standardized models, designing a rotary dryer around the unique characteristics of the material and process needs will produce the best results and offer the most reliability.  Various aspects of the dryer are considered during initial design in order to reach the exact desired parameters of the end product. Rotary Dryer Construction While FEECO rotary dryers are custom designed around the material to be processed, the basis of a rotary dryer is somewhat standard, with customizations... --- ### Rotary Dryer Parts and Components Glossary > Learn the key parts of a rotary dryer, from the drum shell to drive assemblies, in our comprehensive components glossary. - Published: 2024-02-01 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://feeco.com/rotary-dryer-parts-components-glossary/ - Categories: Rotary Dryers - Tags: Article, Equipment, Rotary Dryer - Authors: Shane, Carrie Rotary dryers are essential to many bulk solids processing and handling operations, reducing the moisture content of both raw materials and finished products. About Rotary Dryers Rotary dryers use a tumbling action in combination with a drying air in order to efficiently dry materials. Most often, these robust industrial dryers are of the direct-fired type, meaning that the drying air is in direct contact with the material. Some dryers, however, are of the indirect configuration, whereby the dryer is heated externally, to avoid direct contact between the material and the drying air. Rotary dryers are comprised of a rotating drum, into which the material is fed, in combination with the drying air. Flights, or material lifters, pick up the material from the bed, carrying it over, and dropping it through the air stream to maximize heat transfer between the material and drying air. Material is processed for a specified amount of time, referred to as the retention time, at the desired temperature, in order to reach the target moisture content. While rotary dryers are available in standardized models, designing a rotary dryer around the unique characteristics of the material and process needs will produce the best results and offer the most reliability.  Various aspects of the dryer are considered during initial design in order to reach the exact desired parameters of the end product. Rotary Dryer Construction While FEECO rotary dryers are custom designed around the material to be processed, the basis of a rotary dryer is somewhat standard, with customizations... --- --- ## Literature Posts ### Super-Capacity Bucket Elevators for Potash - Published: 2024-08-19 - Modified: 2024-08-19 - URL: https://feeco.com/literature/super-capacity-bucket-elevators-for-potash-2/ - Literature Categories: Bucket Elevator, Equipment, Material Handling, Potash, Project Profiles --- ### Self-Supporting Bucket Elevator - Published: 2024-08-19 - Modified: 2024-08-19 - URL: https://feeco.com/literature/self-supporting-bucket-elevator-2/ - Literature Categories: Ammonium Sulfate, Bucket Elevator, Equipment, Inorganic Fertilizer, Material Handling, Project Profiles --- ### Pin Mixers for Animal Feed - Published: 2023-10-11 - Modified: 2023-10-11 - URL: https://feeco.com/literature/pin-mixers-for-animal-feed/ - Literature Categories: Agglomeration, Animal Feed Granulation, Pin Mixer, Project Profiles --- ---